Gross Anatomy Lecture 21

Front 1

What size the the pleura cavity in adults?

Back 1

Small

Front 2

the pleura cavity is the space between the ______ and the ______

Back 2

-visceral pleura
-parietal pleura

Front 3

which pleura is applied to the lung itself?

Back 3

visceral pleura

Front 4

what are the 4 divisions of the parietal pleura?

Back 4

1) costal
2) madiastinal
3) diaphragmatic
4) pleura capula

Front 5

what is NOT invaded by the lungs?

Back 5

costodiaphragmatic recess

Front 6

what supplies blood to the costal pleura?

Back 6

segmental vessels of thoracic wall (intercostal aa)

Front 7

what supplies blood to visceral pleura and lung tissue?

Back 7

bronchial aa

Front 8

what are the bronchial aa branching from?

Back 8

the aorta
(or from 3rd intercostal a. on the right)

Front 9

which pleura is sensitive to pain, and which pleura is not?

Back 9

-parietal pleura is sensitive
-visceral pleura is not

Front 10

if there is irritation in the costal pleura (part of the parietal pleura), where is this pain felt?

Back 10

in the chest wall

Front 11

Irritation of diaphragmatic or mediastinal pleura (part of parietal pleura) causes pain where?

Back 11

in the neck

Front 12

What nerves have to do with pain felt in the neck after irritation of mediastinal pleura or diaphragmatic pleura?

Back 12

-supraclavicular n (C3&C4)
-phrenic n (C3-C5)

Front 13

What is it called when air enters the pleural cavity?

Back 13

pneumothorax

Front 14

during pneumothorax, there is a loss of ______ and the lung _____ due to its ______

Back 14

-negative pressure
-collapses
-elasticity

Front 15

What is it called when blood collects in the pleural cavity?

Back 15

hemothorax

Front 16

how high does the pleura rise?

Back 16

as high as the neck of the first rib (above jugular notch)

Front 17

costodiaphragmatic recess is very _____ and keeps with ______ of diaphragm

Back 17

-extensive
-dome shape of diaphragm

Front 18

What are the 3 surfaces of the lungs?

Back 18

1) costal
2) medial
3) diaphragmatic

Front 19

the medial surface of the lungs includes what other surfaces?

Back 19

1) mediastinal
2) vertebral

Front 20

How many lobes does the right lung have, and what are they called?

Back 20

-3 lobes
-superior, middle, and inferior

Front 21

How many lobes does the left lung have, and what are they called?

Back 21

-2 lobes
-superior and inferior

Front 22

What are the fissues of the right lung?

Back 22

-oblique
-horizontal

Front 23

What are the fissues of the left lung?

Back 23

-oblique

Front 24

The oblique fissues define which lobes?

Back 24

lower (basal) lobes

Front 25

The horizontal fissues definte which lobes?

Back 25

upper and middle lobes

Front 26

lingula means:

Back 26

"tongue of the lung"

Front 27

where is the lingula found?

Back 27

under the lobe of left lung
-in the same position of middle lobe on right lung

Front 28

where do the lungs recieve air from? (generally)

Back 28

trachea

Front 29

the trachea branches into:

Back 29

primary bronchus

Front 30

which lung are foreign objects usually inhaled into, and why?

Back 30

right lung, because the primary bronchus is larger

Front 31

what do primary brochus divide into, and what do those divide into?

Back 31

-secondary (lobar) bronchi
-tertiary (segmental) bronchi

Front 32

How many tertiary/segmental bronchi are on each lung?

Back 32

-10 on right
-8 on left

Front 33

what makes up the root?

Back 33

structures that enter and leave the lung

Front 34

what does the root join?

Back 34

the hilus

Front 35

what lies posteriorly to the root?

Back 35

the bronchus

Front 36

what lies superior to the root?

Back 36

pulminary artery

Front 37

what lies inferior to the root?

Back 37

pulminary veins

Front 38

what is the saying to remember where the bronchi, pulminary artery, and veins are?

Back 38

"bronchi to the back, a. above v."

Front 39

what is below the root?

Back 39

pulminary ligament

Front 40

what does the pulminary ligament attach to?

Back 40

the mediastinal pleura

Front 41

what must be severed in order to remove the lung from the chest?

Back 41

the pulminary ligament

Front 42

what are bronchopulmonary segments?

Back 42

segments of the lobe that the tertiary bronchi go to

Front 43

each pulmonary segment revieves:

Back 43

air w/ its own segmental bronchi

Front 44

what does each bronchopulmonary segment recieve via pulmonary arteries?

Back 44

deoxygenated blood

Front 45

how does the oxygenated blood leave the bronchopulmonary segments, and where does it go?

Back 45

-pulmonary veins
-right atrium

Front 46

T/F
each pulmonary vein only drains one bronchopulmonary segment

Back 46

false, onee vein often drains more than one segment

Front 47

major impressions on the Right lung:

Back 47

1) groove for esophagus
2) cardiac impression
3) grooves for brachiocephalic v.
4) groove for superior vena cava
5) groove for arch of azygos

Front 48

major impressions on the Left Lung

Back 48

1) groove for subclavian artery
2) groove for aorta
3) cardiac impression

Front 49

What causes air to go into lungs? (ventilation)

Back 49

negative pressure within pleural cavities

Front 50

quiet inspiration is caused by:

Back 50

contraction of diaphragm

Front 51

what kind of muscle is the diaphragm made of, and what does it do when it contracts?

Back 51

-skeletal muscle
-flattens

Front 52

what is each half of the diaphragm innervated by?

Back 52

phrenic n.

Front 53

what ventral rami is the phrenic n. from?

Back 53

ventral rami C3-C5

Front 54

what does the phrenic n. rest on?

Back 54

scalenes and thorax

Front 55

what does the phrenic n. lie between?

Back 55

mediastinal pleura and pericardium

Front 56

what kind of joint is the 1st costal cartilage?

Back 56

synchondrosis

Front 57

what kind of joints are most of the ribs with the sternum and vertebrae?

Back 57

synovial

Front 58

synovial joints allow what kind of movement?

Back 58

volentary movement

Front 59

movement at costotransverse joints suggests what about the upper ribs?

Back 59

upper ribs carry sternum anteriorly during inspirtation

Front 60

movement at costotransverse joints suggests what about the lower ribs?

Back 60

they flare out during inspiration, increasing lateral dimension of chest

Front 61

what kind of "mechanism" are the upper ribs compared to?

Back 61

"pump handle" mechanism

Front 62

what kind of "mechanism" are the lower ribs compared to?

Back 62

"bucket handle" mechanism

Front 63

Quiet inspiration involves contractions of these three muscles:

Back 63

1) diaphragm
2) scalnenes
3) internal intercostals

Front 64

how much tidal volume does the diaphragm make up?

Back 64

about 80-85%

Front 65

where do the scalenes attach?

Back 65

1st and 2nd ribs

Front 66

What muscles are involved in forced inspiration?

Back 66

1) diaphragm, scalenes, internal intercostals
2) upper trapezius
3) sternocleidomastoid
4) scapular stabalizers (levator scapulae, rhomboids, trapezius)
5) serratus posterior superior
6) levators costarum

Front 67

After a race, what do you do and why?

Back 67

lean foward and prop upper limbs on something to stabalize/elevate the scapulae (like the scapular stabalizers)

Front 68

what does tracheal cartilage do?

Back 68

helps to prevent collapse of airway during rapid inspiration

Front 69

expiration is a ______ process, which has to do with _______.

Back 69

-"possitive" process
-elasticity of the chest wall

Front 70

what do abdominal muscles have to do with forced expiration?

Back 70

they assist in increasing intra-abdominal & intrathoracic pressure which force air out of lungs

Front 71

what other muscle besides the abdominal muscles contribute to forced expiration?

Back 71

serratus posterior inferior

Front 72

what is a mechanism used for those with pulmonary disease?

Back 72

coughing