Anatomy Lecture Quiz 2

Front 1

Traumatic Fracture

Back 1

Extreme force applied to bone that results in a fracture

Front 2

Spontaneous Fracture

Back 2

Diseased on weakened bone fractures under normal stress

Front 3

Complete Fracture

Back 3

Extends through entire bone

Front 4

Incomplete Fracture

Back 4

Extends partially through bone

Front 5

Hematoma Stage

Back 5

severed blood vessels in bone hemorphage, resulting in blood clot forming within 6-8 hours

Front 6

Procallus Stage

Back 6

hematoma is replaced with young connective tissue by end of the first week, osteoclasts remove damaged tissue

Front 7

Fibrocartilage Stage

Back 7

procallus replaced with fibrocartilage, much stronger than procallus and osteolasts begin to secrete new bone

Front 8

Bony Callus Stage

Back 8

osteoclast resorb bone, osteoblast secrete new bone (60-90 days)

Front 9

Osteoporsosis

Back 9

disease process where bones are gradually weaker because Calcium removal exceeds calcium intake, increase in spontaneous fractures

Front 10

Articulation

Back 10

where two or more bones meet, forming a system of levers capable of producing movement

Front 11

Synthroses

Back 11

do not permit movement
sutures, gomophosis

Front 12

Ampiarthroses

Back 12

small amount of movement
connective tissue holds bone, vertebral disks

Front 13

Diathroses

Back 13

sonovial
free movement
finger's, knees, elbow, and shoulders

Front 14

Bursale

Back 14

small sacks of sonovial fluid located between ligaments, muscles, tendons and bones
reduce sliding friction

Front 15

Contractility

Back 15

capacity to actively change length of muscle fiber

Front 16

Extensibility

Back 16

muscle cells function at variety of lengths

Front 17

Elasticity

Back 17

muscle fibers can return to natural length

Front 18

Irritability

Back 18

responds to stimulus (excitable)

Front 19

Epipmysium

Back 19

loose, connective tissue covering the muscle belly

Front 20

Fasiculi

Back 20

make up the muscle belly, 1-40 mm in length

Front 21

Perimysium

Back 21

connective tissue covering fasicles

Front 22

Endomysium

Back 22

covers muscle cells and fibers

Front 23

Sarcolemma

Back 23

cell membrane of muscle cells

Front 24

Myofibrils

Back 24

highly organized sarcomeres, containing contractile proteins

Front 25

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Back 25

storage site for calcium, modified endoplasmic reticulum

Front 26

Sarcoplasm

Back 26

cytoplasm of muscle cells

Front 27

Transverse tubules

Back 27

invaginations of the sarcolemma, filled with extracellular fluid
conduct muscle action potentials into interior cell

Front 28

Actin

Back 28

contains binding sites for myosin, forms helix

Front 29

Tropomyosin

Back 29

covers binding sites in Actin until contraction is ready to take place

Front 30

Troponin

Back 30

pushes out tropomyosin, binds with calcium

Front 31

Myosin

Back 31

binds with Actin, breaks down ATP
"powerstrokes"

Front 32

Neuromuscular Junction

Back 32

junction between motor neuron and a skeletal fiber, innervation via synapses

Front 33

Acetylcholine

Back 33

neurotransmitter released in neuromuscular junction

Front 34

Motor Units

Back 34

motor neuron synapse with several muscle cells

Front 35

All or None Process

Back 35

muscle cell will contract completely with stimulus, or not at all (individual muscle cells)

Front 36

Recruitment

Back 36

CNS can selectively activate appropriate numbers of motor unit to complete action

Front 37

Tetany

Back 37

sustained contraction due to rapid stimulation

Front 38

Latent Period

Back 38

time between stimulation and the beginning of the contraction

Front 39

Contract Period

Back 39

cross bridges form and cycle to create force

Front 40

Relaxation Period

Back 40

gradual decrease in force as Calcium is pumped back into the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Front 41

Static Contraction

Back 41

muscle contracts, cells don't shorten
force cannot overcome load

Front 42

Concentric Contraction

Back 42

cells shorten, force is greater than load

Front 43

Eccentric Contraction

Back 43

cells lengthen in contraction, load is greater than force