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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomical position |
Body erect with arms at side, palms forward |
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Supine |
Lying down, face up, palms up |
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Prone |
Lying down, face down, palms down |
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Cephalic |
Head |
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Cervical |
Neck |
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Axillary |
Armpit |
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Brachial |
Arms |
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Thoracic |
Chest |
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Abdominal |
Abs |
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Dorsal |
Back |
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Lumbar |
Lower back |
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Pelvic |
Pelvic region |
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Three sectional planes |
Transverse, frontal, sagittal |
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Frontal or coronal sectional plane |
Divides into anterior and posterior portions |
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Transverse or cross sectional plane |
Divides into superior and inferior portions |
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Sagittal sectional plane |
Divides into right and left portions |
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Anterior, ventral |
Front |
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Posterior, dorsal |
Back |
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Inferior |
Down, below |
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Superior |
Up, above |
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Medial |
Towards midline |
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Cranial, cephalic |
Towards head |
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Lateral |
Away midline |
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Caudal |
Towards tail |
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Proximal |
Close to attachment |
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Distal |
Far from attachment |
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Four tissue types |
Epithelial, connective, muscle, neural |
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Superficial |
Close to surface |
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Deep |
Away from surface |
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Epithelial tissue |
Protective layer -lines most of body -glands form -apical and basal surfaces |
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Apical |
Exposed surface of cells |
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Basal |
Attachment point of cells |
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What is this? |
Simple squamous epithelium -layer of flat cells |
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What is this? |
Stratified squamous epithelium -multiple layers of flat cells |
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What is this? |
Simple cuboidal epithelium -layer of cube cells |
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What is this? |
Stratified cuboidal epithelium -multiple layers of cube cells |
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What is this? |
Transitional (stretched) epithelium |
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What is this? |
Transitional (relaxed) epithelium |
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What is this? |
Simple columnar epithelium -hairs on top |
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What is this? |
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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What is this? |
Stratified columnar epithelium |
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Where are cilia located |
Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium |
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Endocrine glands |
Releases products into interstitial fluid |
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Exocrine glands |
Releases products through ducts directly onto epithelial surfaces |
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Three features of connective tissue |
Specialized cells Extracellular protein fibers Ground substance |
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Matrix |
Protein fibers + ground substamce |
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Types of connective tissue |
Areolar, adipose, reticular, dense regular, dense irregular |
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What is this? |
Areolar connective tissue Papillary layer of dermis, open space, loose fibers |
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What is this? |
Adipose connective tissue Fatty tissue |
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What is this? |
Reticular connective tissue Reticular fibers, messy - spleen, liver, bone marrow |
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What is this? |
Dense irregular connective tissue -Collagen fibers, irregular |
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What is this? |
Dense regular connective tissue More aligned, regular Can be seen as tendon, ligament |
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What is this? |
Elastic connective tissue Type of dense regular tissue Straightest, elastic bundles |
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Fluid connective tissue |
Blood and lymph |
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Blood |
Common to all parts of body |
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Lymph |
Fluid collected from extracellular space and circulated in body by lymph system |
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Plasma |
Water, proteins, etc. |
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What makes blood? |
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets |
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Cartilage |
An avascular substance -receives nutrients form blood supply |
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Chondrocytes |
Specialized cells in cartilage |
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Bone |
Osseous tissue Calcuim salts and collagen fibers Bone can be hard and flexible |
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Supporting connective tissue |
Bone and cartilage |
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Three types of cartilage |
Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage |
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What is this? |
Hyaline cartilage Contains chondrocytes, elastic fibers in lacuna |
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What is this? |
Elastic cartilage Elastic fibers, chondrocytes in lacuna |
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Osteocytes |
Specialized cell in bone |
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Osteoblasts |
Produce fibers and matrix of bone |
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Canaliculi |
Channels between osteocytes |
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Periosteum |
Outermost layer of bone |
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What is this? |
Fibrocartilage, fibrous cartilage Collagen fibers, chondrocytes in lacuna |
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Osteoclats |
Dissolves fibers and matrix of bone |
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What is this? |
Bone tissue |
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Compact bone |
Hard, outer bone |
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Muscle tissue |
Produces movement in body Contraction can be voluntary or involuntary |
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Three types of muscle tissue |
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle tissue |
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Spongy bone |
Porous, inner bone |
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What is this? |
Skeletal muscle tissue Controlled movement, strided Voluntary |
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What is this? |
Cardiac muscle tissue Involuntary movement, strided |
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What is this? |
Smooth muscle tissue Nonstrided, involuntary movement |
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Neural tissue |
Wires body for communication of messages by stimuli |
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Two types of neural tissue |
Neurons Glial cells (neuroglia) |
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What is 1? |
Nucleus |
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What is 2 |
Perikaryon Fluid matrix in cell body (cytoplasm) |
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What is 3 |
Axon hillock Connects cell body and axon |
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What is 4 |
Axon |
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What is 5 |
Telodendria (terminal branches) |
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What is 6 |
Dendrites |
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What is 7 |
Synaptic knob Bell-shaped end |
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What is 8 |
Synaptic cleft Space between synaptic terminal and postsynaptic cell |
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What is 9 |
Postsynaptic cell Cell after synaptic terminal |
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Glial cells |
Support cells |
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Oligodendrocyte |
Glial cells in CNS |
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Schwann cells |
Glial cells of PNS |
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Internode (region) |
Myelinated portion of axon |
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Nodes of Ranvier (region) |
Unmyelinated portion of axon |
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Myelin sheath (structure) |
Layer that surrounds an axon |
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Integumentary system |
Compsed of cutaneous membrane (skin) and accessory structures |
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What is cutaneous membrane made of |
Epidermis and dermis |
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Epidermis |
Stratified squamous epithelium Avascular Contains keratinocytes (four layers) |
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What are the two layers of dermis |
Papillary layer and reticular layer |
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Papillary layer |
Formed by dermal papillae Aerolar connective tissue |
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Reticular layer |
Deep irregular connective tissue Contains most accessory structures |
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Which layers are not part of the epidermis |
Basal lamina and dermal papillae |
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What is first and second layer |
Stratum corneum |
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What is third layer |
Stratum lucidum |
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What is fourth layer |
Stratum granulosum |
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What is fifth layer |
Stratum spinosum |
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What is sixth layer |
Stratum basale or germinativum |
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What is the seventh layer |
Basal lamina Not part of epidermis |
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What is eighth layer |
Dermal papillae Not part of epidermis |
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What is 1 |
Papillary plexus Bundles of veins and arteries |
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What is 2 |
Papillary layer |
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What is 3 |
Arrector pili muscle Controls contraction of hair |
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What is 4 |
Tactile, Meissner corpuscules Detect touch |
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What is 5 |
Ruffini corpuscule |
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What is 6 |
Meocrine sweat gland Makes sweat |
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What is 7 |
Apocrine sweat gland Stink sweat |
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What is 8 |
Lamellated corpuscule |
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What is 9 |
Artery |
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What is 10 |
Vein |
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What is 11 |
Sebaceous gland Oils for hair |
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What is the brown? |
Internal root sheath |
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What is the yellow |
External rooth sheath |
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What is the blue |
Glassy membrane |
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What is the purple |
Connective tissue sheath |
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What is blue and red |
Root hair plexus At base of hair |
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What is area above purple (region) |
Hair shaft Above sebaceous gland |
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What is area below purple (region) |
Hair root Below sebaceous gland |
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Hair follicle |
Produces hair |
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What is blue bell shape |
Hair bulb |
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What is the brown arch |
Hair papilla |
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What is white line |
Medulla Center line of hair |
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What is dark brown line |
Cortex Middle layer of hair |
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Cuticle |
Clear layer surrounding hair shaft |
