Anatomy Iii Endocrine System

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Endocrine system

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chemical compounds called hormone that are sent from endocrin glands or organs in or organs.

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endocrine organs

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can produce and dispense different hormones

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Hormons are sent

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are sent out indiscriminatlely into the blood moving throughout the body

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Hormones/organs

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are present in the bloodaround all your organs

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Cells are being "bombarded'

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by hormones, only the specific target cells with the correct receptors can function

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Exocrine glands

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have ducts that carry the substances or secretions produces by the cells of the gland to an epithelial surface

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Endocrine glands

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are ductless glands that distribute their secretions into the blood.

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endocrine cells secrete

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their products, hormones, int the capillary blood to be distributed to other tissues of the body via circulatory vessels

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Hormones

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are regulatory chemicals or molecules that are produces by endocrine organs and distributed to specific receptor sites in the tissues of the body

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Hormones biochemical structure

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1 peptides
2 amines
3 steroids

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peptides and amines

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are amino acids derivatives

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amines are derived

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from the amino acid tyrosine and include hormones secreted by the thyroid gland and suprarenal medulla

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adrenomedullary hormones

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are known as catecholamines

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steroids

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are hormones secreted by the suprarenal cortex and gonads

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placental hormones

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are neutral lipids derives from cholesterol

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Hormone regulation feedback systems

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negative feedback
positive feedback

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negative feedback

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slows down to maintain balance

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positive feedback

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speeds up body function. Out of balance

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Gen. endocrine Functions

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1 regulates metabolism,water and electrolyte balance. Important for homeostasis

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gen. endo. function

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2 induces adaptive changes to help the body adjust with stressful situations.

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gen endocrine functions

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3 promotes smooth sequential growth and development

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gen endocrine functions

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4 controls reproduction

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gen endocrine functions

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5 regulates red blood cell production

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gen endocrine functions

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works with the autonomic nervous system controlling and coordinating both circulation and digestion and absorbtion of food

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endocrine system versus nervous system

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both regulate body tissue.

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nervous system

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administer its control over the body tissues via long wirelike cells that originate form complex circuits in CNS

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speed of regulation

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mervous impulses move fast traveling meters in milliseconds. regulation is very rapid

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Distribution of regulation

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neruons is distributed to a very limited area of tissue. makin very specific connections

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duration of regulation

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after reaching the effector organ, nervous impulse cause its effect.any regulation genrated by a nervus implse is very short lived

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endocrine system

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secretes hormones into blood. small molecules find effector organd. hormones form a lock and key function at specifc receptor sites.

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endo sys.
speed of regulation

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is slower than that of nervous system because it goes thru the blood vessels

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endo sys
distribution of regulation

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endocrine effects can be experienced anywhere in the body where a receptor site exists for the hormone.

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endo sys
duration of regulation

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hormone lock into the receptor site, duration is onger lasting than a single nervous impulse

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Hypothalamus

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part of diencephalon of brain and occupies the area between the third ventricle and the subthalamus

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hypothalamus is what part of the brain

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magor intergraritive control center of the autonomic nervous system and numeroud endocrine glands

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endocrine glands

Hypothalamus is where

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is part of the diencephalon of the brain and occupies the area between the third ventricle and subthalamus

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Hypothalamus is the major?

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intergrative control center of the of the autonomic nervous system and numerous endocreine glands

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posterrior pituitary gland

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Or neurohypophysis,is an outgrowth of the hypothalamus.

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posterior pituitary gland is influenced by ?

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nervous input, temperature, osmotic pressure,levels of hormones in blood vessesl

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hypothalamus also controlls

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sleep,rhythm,rage, thrist,and food intake

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What is the pituitary gland ?

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or hypophysis. small, reddish-green-gray organ, size of a peanut

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Pituitary gland is located where?

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occupies the sella turcia of the sphenoid bone.

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pituitary gland hangs from what

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hangs from the base of the brain via a connecting stalk, the infundibulum, which connects to the hypothalamus

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pituitary has 2 lobes

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posterior pituitary
anterior pituitary

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posterior pituitary

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is an outgrowth of the embryonic brain.

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exocrine glands

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produce a substance that travels through a duct and onto an epithelial surface

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endocrine glands

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produce a hormone that travels straight into the blood stream.

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Hormones

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regulatory chemicals or molecules that are produce by endocrine organ and distributed to specific receptor sites in the tissues of the body

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Hormone recepto sites

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along the cell menbrane of each cell of the body that are designed to detect a specific hormone in the body

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Gen functions of endocrine hormones

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1. Regulates metabolism, water/electolyte balance and the maintenance of homeostasis

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gen functions of endo hormones #2

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induces adaptive changes to stress and the environment

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#3 general functions of endocrine hormones

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promotes smooth, sequential growth and development

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#4 General functions of endocrine hormones

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controls reproduction

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#5 General functions of endocrine hormones

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regulates red blood cell production

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#6 general functions of endocrine hormones

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helps control the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system responses

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Hypothalamus

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"regulator of homeostasis" regulates our body temperture.links endocrine function to nervous system functions and keeps the pituitary gland "in check" not allowing the pituitary to overproduce its hormones.

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Pituitary " Master Gland"

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vasopressin controls the balance of water in tissues. Oxytocin triggers uterine contraction and lactation in females.Anterior portion controls the reproductive organs, thyroid and adrenals, also prduces endorphins

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Thyroid

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primarily controls metabolism, needs iodine to function properly. "C" cells are found scattered between the follicular cells,directs bones to store calcium.

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Parathyroid

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Four spots that surround the thyroid, directs bones to release calcium into bloodstream. Vitamin D is make in the dermis layer of skin

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Adrenals

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Lie atop the kidneys. anteriour the 12 rib. Cortex hormones include Aldosterone( maintains sodium and potassium balance in nerves and in kidneys. Cortisol helps body adapt to stress and creates adipose. Medulla produces the the adrenaline fight or flight hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine and androgens