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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hormone structure
-Pretty small molecules -Thyroid hormone |
Amino acids an example of these hormoones is epinephrine, norepinephrine and thyroid hormone
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hormone structure
-chains of amino acids -ADH, oxytocin are examples of? |
Peptide
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hormone struture
-cholestrol based -estrogen, testostreone, aldosterone |
Steroids
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What hormones are produces from the hypothalamus?
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ADH, Oxytocin,GIH growth inhibiting hormone, CRH calcitropin releasing hormone, TRH Thyrotropin releasing hormone, GnRH Gonadotropin releasing hormone, PRH Prolactin releasing hormone, PIH prolactin inhibiting hormone
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Name the hormones of the anterion pituitary
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ACTH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH
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name the hormones released at the posterior pituitary?
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ADH, oxytocin is released
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name the hormones produced in the thyroid gland?
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Thyroxine (T4), Thiiodothyroine (T3)
Calcitonin CT) |
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name the hormones of the adrenal cortex
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cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, androgens
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name the hormones of the amrenal medulla
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epinephrine and norepiniphrine
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name the hormones and the related cells of the pancreatic islets
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Glucagon from the alpha cells
and insulin from the beta cell also produces somatostatin |
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name the hormones from the kidney
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erythropoietin and calcitrol
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What hormones come from the gonads
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Testies: Androgens (especially testosterone), inhibin
Ovaries:estrogens, progesttins, inhibin |
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Hormones of adipose tissue
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leptin and Resistin
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Name the structure that connects the two lobes of the thyroid?
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isthmus
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What are C cells? where are they located? what is their function?
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C cells are clacitonin secreating cells located around the folicles (parafollicular cells) of the thyroid.
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Name 6 common releasing/inhibiting hormones hormones
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GIH, GRH, PRH, PIH, TRH, GnRH
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What happens when a follicle is stimulated by FSH
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-Cells surrounding the ova produce estroge and support maturiation of eggs and helps sustain the lining of the uterus.
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What is the initial lab test that would be done by a physician evaluating a patients thyroid function.
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A physiician would first test for TSH levels
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What is the relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary.
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They are connected by a structuer calle the infundibulum. this is the structure releasing and inhibiting hormones are sent through.
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Where does TSH come from
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Anterior pituitary
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Describe two hormones related to calcium management
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Calcitonin and PARATHYROID HORMONE
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WHERE IS PROLACTIN RELEASED FROM AND WHAT IS ITS TARGET
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ANTERIOR PITUITARY TARGETS BREAST TISSUE ( MAMMARY GLANDS)
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WHAT IS THE SOURCE, TARGET AND EFFECT OF LH
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SOURCE=ANTERIOR PITUITARY
TARGET= GONADS EFFECT= TRIGERS OVULATION AND PROMOTES DEVELOPMENT OF CORPUS LUTEUM IN FEEMALES AND STIMULATES PRODUCTION OF TESTERONE IN MALES |
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WHAT IS THE SOURCE, TARGET AND EFFECT OF ADH
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Source:Posterior piuitary
Target: Kidneys Function: Promotes water rtention by kidney tubules; raises blood pressure by stimulating muscles in walls of small arteries |
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Name the 3 classes of hormones from the adrenial cortex
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Mineralcortiicoids
Glucoocrticoids Gonadocorticoids |
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What is aneima?
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Low Hematocrit or RBC's have a decreased hemoglobin content and decreased carryimg copacity
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What is the test called that measures the % of whole blood volume occupied by cellular elements?
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Hematoctit
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Wha tis Erythropiesis?
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formation of RBC's
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What is Hypoxia?
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Low tissue oxygen levels.
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What is agglutination?
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binding of antigens and antibodies causes th eforeighn RBC's to clump together.
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What is Leukocytosis
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Increase of Leukocytes (WBC's)
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What is hemolytic disease?
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When different blood types of the mother and the fetus mix. during the second child the mothers antibodies will attack and destroy the fetal RBC's
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What is graves disease?
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Hyperthyroidism caused by an auto immune attack on the thyroid gland.
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What increases progestrone?
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Follicles stimulated by FSH. after ovulation when the cells reorganize into a corpus luteum they release more progesterone.
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What hormone is released from the heart. and what is it's function
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Atrial natriuretic peptide. It promotes the loss of sodium ions and water at the kidneys and inhibits renin release and the secreation of ADH and aldosterone. (Results in a reduction in blood volume and pressure.
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What hormone is released from adipose tissue?
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Leptin: increases the storage of body fat and Suppersses appetite
Resistin: decreases sensitivity of body cells to insulin. |
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Where is the thymus located?
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behind teh sternum
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What hoermones are released from the kidney? what is their function?
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Calcitrol: Stimulates uptake of calcium in GI tract, kidneys, bone resorption.
Erythropietin: Stimulates RBC production in marrow Renin: Increases Plood pressure. |
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What are gonads?
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testies and ovaries
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what are two cell types of the testies and what hormone do they release.
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Interstitial cells: release testosterone
sustentacular cells: suppeor support sperm development and control with the hormone inhibin and FSH and GnRH. |
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Describe the regions within the pancreas?
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The regions are called islets of langerhans they contain alpha and beta cells.
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What do alpha and beta cells produce?
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Alpha cells produce glucagon
beta cells produce insulin |
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What and how is the function of insulin?
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Insuline lowers blood sugar by opening the door to sugar for many body sells. brain and kidney have no receptors- can take in glucose as needed) it stimulates the storage of sugar as glycogen, more energy in fat cells.
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What and how is the function of glucagon?
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Glucagon raises blood sugar by stimulating glycogen release from the liver. utilization of triglyercides breakdown of protein from new sugar.
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Name the cheif mineralocortocoid and its function?
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Aldosterone -stimulates the conservation of sodium at the cost of potassium.-Targets kidney tubules, sweat glands, Saliva, Pancreas.- increases the sensetivitsy of salt receptive taste buds.-secreated in response to a drop in decreased sodium content. blood volume or blood pressure.
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Name three glucocorticorids ( also know as the steroid hormones) and the function of glucocorticoids
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Cortisol-Corticosterone-Cortisone- glucocorticoids accelerate the rate of glucose synthesis especially within the liver.
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What controls glucocorticoid secreation?
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Secreaton occurs under ACTH stimulation. and is regulated by negarive feedback.
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What does PTH do?
How? |
Raises blood calcium
by stimulating osteoclast, intestinal absorption and urinary retention |
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By what and where is PTH secreated?
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PTH comes from cheif cells in the parathyroid.
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What does PTH stimulate the release of?
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Calcitrol from the kidneys. tells the GI tract ot absorb more Ca
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What are the three type of heart tissues nd their distinguishing characteristics?
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-epicardium it is a serious membrain that covers the outer wall
-myocardium is the muscular wall of the herat contains cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves. -endocardium inner surface it is simple squamous epithelium that is continuous with endothelium. |
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What are the components of blood list these along with their functions?
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-Plasma contains Albumins proteins important for osmotic pressure
Globulins antibodie (small proteins made by the cell Fibrogen clotting process. -Buffy coat clear thin layer in the middle -Packed RBC's carry o2 and co2 |
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Define calcitrol?
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Teh active form of vitiman D that promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphate in the intestines. acts along with parathyroid hormone to maintain bone homeostasis.
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what is the function of CRH?
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Stimulate teh release of ACTH
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What is the function of ACTH?
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Stimulate the release of steroid hormones in the acrenal cortex known as gulcocorticoids.
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