Anatomy Ii: Thoracic Cavity Horse

Front 1

What is conus arteriosus? Gives rise to ?

Back 1

Outflow portion of right ventricle; from which pulmonary trunk arises

~part of the right ventricle that sticks out

Front 2

Paraconal interventricular groove is on which side?

Back 2

Left side

Front 3

lymph nodes at base of HEART?

Back 3

middle mediastinal nodes

Front 4

define basal border of the lung

Back 4

caudoventral border (base slants upwards gently)

gently from 5th costochondral junction (where olecranon meets) to dorsal end of penultimate (17th) rib or intercostal space.

Front 5

L.N. embedded in lungs called _____, they drain into ____ lymph nodes, which located _______.

Back 5

pulmonary lymph nodes drain into tracheobronchial nodes located near tracheal bifurcation (and primary bronchi)

Front 6

Describe equine lung (lobes):

Back 6

technically non-lobated (no interlobar fissures), but cranial to CARDIAC NOTCH is cranial lobe; caudal portion is caudal lobe;

right lung has Accessory lobe where which caudal vena cava goes through

Front 7

On which side does cardiac notch extend farther? borders?

Back 7

3rd to 6th intercostal spaces (left lung),

Front 8

Major coronary artery is which side of heart? It supplies?

Back 8

RIGHT coronary artery is dominant over left coronary artery, (is switched in dog/ruminants)

Supplies interventricular septum (in subsinuosal groove) and part of left ventricle

Front 9

What is coronary sinus?

Opening of the coronary sinus is ?

Back 9

collection of veins draining myocardium, empties into right atrium, which also collects deoxygenated blood from rest of body

subsinosal!

Front 10

Only vein in body that carries oxygenated blood, empties where?

Back 10

pulmonary vein empties into left atrium

Front 11

identify

Back 11

Front 12

First sound - ?

Second heart sound ?

Back 12

First sound - ventricular systole

Second - ventricular diastole. "Cardiac notch" area used.

Front 13

1. What is name for line on which parietal pleura reflects from thoracic wall to the cranial surface of the diaphragm?
(translation: name for caudal edge of parietal pleura, where diaphragm meets thoracic wall)


2. How is it clinically significant?

Back 13

1. Costodiaphragmatic line of pleural reflection

2. Diaphragm attaches to wall, caudal to this line; and peritoneal cavity can be punctured behind here w/o entering pleural cavity.

Front 14

Which azygous vein found in dog?

Back 14

Right azygous vein (same in dog)

No left azygous vein, as present in ruminants and pig.

Front 15

where is thymus in adult

Back 15

ventral part of the cranial mediastinum

Front 16

nerve ass w/ laryngeal hemiplegia (causing roaring).

Back 16

left recurrent laryngeal n.

unrelated note: this is nerve that wraps around aorta

Front 17

Caudal mediastinal nodes in horse?

Back 17

(associated with the oesophagus and the aorta); poorly developed or absent.

Front 18

Thoracocentesis

-boundaries for procedure?

Back 18

invasive procedure to remove fluid or air from the pleural space for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes

- – in standing position; mid/lower of 7th intercostal space; 5 cm dorsal to olecranon, or just dorsal to superficial thoracic vein.

Front 19

Pericardiocentesis

-boundaries for procedure?

Back 19

-- procedure where fluid is aspirated from the pericardium (the sac enveloping the heart).
- 4th intercostal space
level of costochondral junction

Front 20

How can enlarged lymph nodes cause roaring?

Back 20

Enlarged lymph nodes
Left tracheobronchial ln.: when enlarged, may place pressure on LRL nerve, pressed against pulsating aorta. May cause nerve degen., and paralysis of most intrinsic muscles of larynx, including cricoarytenoideus dorsalis muscle (dilator of larynx). Causes roaring.

Front 21

Which side of mediastinum does caudal vena cava extend from?

Back 21

on right side along w/right phrenic nerve (inside "caudal fold")

Front 22

What is space betw. caval fold and caudal mediastinum?

What is housed here?

Back 22

mediastinal recess - houses accessory lobe of right lung

Front 23

Horse has how many pairs of ribs ?

describe width of equine ribs compared to other species (like ox)?

Back 23

18 ribs; lumbar area, therefore, appears quite short.

ribs slender; intercostal spaces are, therefore, wider

Front 24

sternum tilts ?

effect of this ?

Back 24

cranio-dorsally,

- helps stream-line the thoracic cage, but diminishes area and volume of the cranial thoracic cage.

Front 25

The diaphragm shape? slope? cranial border at which incostal space?

Back 25

Diaphragm is dome-shaped, gentle cranioventral slope. The vertex is at the lower part of the 6th intercostal space or 7th rib.

Front 26

first five ribs are covered by the ?

Back 26

triceps brachii M. (as well as the scapula and humerus, partly).

Front 27

right crus of Diaphragm attaches?

Back 27

to first four or five lumbar vertebrae, via ventral longitudinal ligament, and left to first two lumbar vertebrae.

Front 28

sternal part of Diaphragm attaches to _____ ;

Back 28

xiphoid cartilage

Front 29

comb-like muscle filaments in right (and left) atrium?

Back 29

pectinate muscles

Front 30

Name this structure or space:
Extends beyond the first rib (about 3 cm) only on the right, as in the ox
Consists of two sacs – dorsal (about 30mm deep) and ventral (about 25 mm deep).

Back 30

The Cupula Pleurae

Front 31

costodiaphragmatic recess

Back 31

costodiaphragmatic recess (the narrow space bordered immediately by the diaphragm and thoracic wall) is within the thoracic cage, narrow and extensive.

Front 32

The Lung Field

Back 32

Topographical boundaries of triangular area of contact between the thoracic wall and the lung:
1. basal border: 5th c/c junction to dorsal end of 17th interc.space

2. cranial border: triceps brachii M.(≡ tricipital line; runs vertically from caudal edge of scapula to olecranon).
3. dorsal border is lateral edge of epaxial muscles betw. tuber coxae and caudal angle of scapula

Front 33

attaches sternum to heart?

Back 33

sternopericardiac ligament

Front 34

annulus fibrosus

Back 34

Fibrous skeleton

Front 35

From KL's notes:

Identify septomarginal band? function?

Back 35

* Septomarginal band: goes from wall of ventricle to parainterventricular septum
o Serves 2 functions:
+ Passage of the purkinjie fibers: for contraction/ pacemaker
+ Supports right ventricle