Anatomy: Head And Neck Iii

Front 1

What are the four superficial veins of the neck?

Back 1

Facial
External Jugular
Anterior Jugular
Internal Jugular

Front 2

What is the purpose of the retropharyngeal space?

Back 2

To allow movement of the esophagus and laryngeal apparatus

Front 3

What cavity in the neck is the danger space for the spread of infection?

Back 3

retrophayngeal space

Front 4

What structure separates the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

Back 4

The Sterno-cleido-mastoid (SCM)

Front 5

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck?

Back 5

Anterior: SCM
Posterior: Trap
Inferior: Clavicle

Front 6

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Back 6

Superior: mandible
Anterior: midline
Posterior/Laterally: SCM

Front 7

In which triangle of the neck will you find the scalene muscles?

Back 7

posterior

Front 8

In which triangle of the neck will you find the external jugular vein?

Back 8

posterior

Front 9

In which triangle of the neck will you find the carotid sheath?

Back 9

Anterior

Front 10

What are the contents of the carotid sheath?

Back 10

Carotid artery
Internal jugular vein
Vagus nerve

Front 11

What muscle forms the floor of the posterior triangle?

Back 11

levator scapulae
inferior portion of the omohyoid
scalene muscles
Brachial plexus

Front 12

The brachial plexus is sandwiched between what two structures?

Back 12

Middle and anterior scalene

Front 13

What is the function of the scalene muscles?

Back 13

Lateral movement of the neck
Stability of the ribcage

Front 14

What is the attachment and insert of the scalene muscles?

Back 14

transverse process of the cervical vertebrae to first and second rib.

Front 15

What major vessels pass between the clavicle and the first rib?

Back 15

Subclavian artery and vein

Front 16

What is happening to the brachial plexus in scalenus anticus syndrome?

Back 16

It is being squeezed between the anterior and middle scalene muscles.

Front 17

What are the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?

Back 17

Lesser occipital
Great auricular
Transverse cervical
Supraclavicular

Front 18

C1 innervation to the geniohyoid muscle hitchhikes with what cranial nerve?

Back 18

CN XII

Front 19

What are the branches of the Ansa?

Back 19

Motor to:
Superior and inferior omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid

Front 20

What cervical nerves form the Ansa?

Back 20

C1 C2 C3

Front 21

What cranial nerve is associated with the superior limb of the Ansa?

Back 21

CN XII

Front 22

What group of nerves innervates the scalene muscles?

Back 22

Cervical plexus

Front 23

What nerves innervate the infrahyoid muscles?

Back 23

C1- geniohyoid and thyrohyoid
Ansa [C1/C2/C3]- All others

Front 24

Where can you find the phrenic in the neck?

Back 24

On top of the anterior scalene

Front 25

Why do you have to be careful when applying local anesthesia to the neck?

Back 25

Phrenic paralysis

Front 26

What abdominal structures have phrenic innervation?

Back 26

diaphragm and peritoneum

Front 27

Where does the phrenic originate? Where does the supraclavicular nerve originate? Why is this important?

Back 27

phrenic: C3, C4, C5
supraclavicular: C3, C4

Referred pain. Pain will enter dorsal horn from phrenic and cross synapse with supraclavicular to the skin of the shoulder

Front 28

What muscles are innervated by the hypoglossus [CN XII]?

Back 28

All glossus muscles except palatoglossus [CN X].

Front 29

What other bones does the hyoid bone articulate with?

Back 29

None

Front 30

What innervates the mylohyoid and anterior digastic muscles?

Back 30

CN V3

Front 31

What innervates the posterior digastric?

Back 31

CN VII

Front 32

What supplies innervation for the suprahyoid muscles?

Back 32

V3- mylohyoid and anterior digastric
VII- posterior digastric
C1- geniohyoid

Front 33

What are the three muscles attached to the styloid process? What is their origin and innervation?

Back 33

Stylohoid- Arch 2, CN VII
Styloglossus- post-otic somite, CN XII
Stylopharyngeus- Arch 3, CN IX

Front 34

What is the only muscle innervated by CN IX?

Back 34

Stylopharyngeus

Front 35

What muscle is split by the digastric?

Back 35

Stylohyoid

Front 36

What is the attachment and insertion of the mylohyoid muscle?

Back 36

Mandible to hyoid

Front 37

Describe the innervation of the mylohyoid muscle.

Back 37

Branch off of the inferior alveolar [CN V3]

Front 38

Where can you find the Ansa?

Back 38

On top of the carotid sheath in the carotid triangle

Front 39

Describe the boundaries of the carotid triangle.

Back 39

SCM
Omohyoid
Stylohyoid

Front 40

Which of the carotid branches is branchless?

Back 40

internal has no branches until it enters the cranium

Front 41

What areas are supplied by the branches of the external carotid artery?

Back 41

Face and neck

Front 42

Where do the vertebral arteries meet the internal carotid artery?

Back 42

Circle of Willis

Front 43

Where are the anastomotic connections between the internal and external carotid?

Back 43

Supraorbital region

Front 44

Describe the origin and path of the vertebral artery.

Back 44

From the subclavian
Through C6-C1 transverse foramina
Through the foramen magnum
Becomes basilar artery

Front 45

How does the carotid enter the cranium?

Back 45

Through the carotid canal

Front 46

Where is the jugular foramen in relation to the carotid canal?

Back 46

posterior to the carotid canal

Front 47

What is the function of the carotid sinus and where is it found?

Back 47

Baroreceptor found in a swelling at the bifurcation of the carotid.

Front 48

What is the function of the carotid body and where is it found?

Back 48

Chemoreceptor found at the bifurcation of the carotid.

Front 49

What supplies innervation to the carotid body and sinus?

Back 49

CN IX

Front 50

Describe the baroreceptor reflex.

Back 50

Afferent on IX
Efferent on X

Front 51

Describe the salivation reflex.

Back 51

Afferent on 7 or 9
Efferent on 7 or 9

Front 52

What opening does CN IX use to exit?

Back 52

Jugular foramen

Front 53

What artery hooks the hypoglossal [CN XII]?

Back 53

Occipital branch of external carotid

Front 54

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Back 54

SALFOPMS

Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Maxillary
Superficial temporal

Front 55

Where does the superior thyroid branch from?

Back 55

Superior thyroid off of the external carotid

Front 56

What supplies innervation to the larynx?

Back 56

Laryngeal branches of CN X

Front 57

Describe the branches of the Superior laryngeal nerve.

Back 57

Internal branch is sensory above the vocal cords

External branch is motor to the cricothyroid

Front 58

What provides the sensory below the vocal cords?

Back 58

Recurrent laryngeal

Front 59

What are the structures that the vagus recurs around to form the inferior laryngeal nerves?

Back 59

subclavian artery on the right
aortic arch on the left

Front 60

Describe the cough reflex.

Back 60

Afferent on X
Efferent on X

Front 61

What innervates all of the muscles of the larynx?

Back 61

Recurrent laryngeal does all the laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid (superior laryngeal branch--still X)

Front 62

What nerve is in danger of being damaged in thyroid surgery?

Back 62

Recurrent laryngeal

Front 63

Where does the inferior thyroid branch from?

Back 63

Subclavian artery

Front 64

Describe the blood supply to the thyroid.

Back 64

Superior and Inferior thyroid arteries

Superior is from the external carotid.
Inferior in from the subclavian artery.

Front 65

Describe the veinous drainage of the thyroid.

Back 65

Superior and middle thyroid veins drain into the internal jugular

Inferior thyroid vein drains into the brachiocephalic vein.

Front 66

How do sympathetics reach the head?

Back 66

Preganglionic fibers leave the thorax and synapse in one of three cervical ganglia. Postganglionic fibers travel on blood vessels to the head.

Front 67

How are disruptions in the sympathetic chain manifested?

Back 67

Ptosis (drooping eye lid)
Flushed face
Dry face
Constricted pupil

Front 68

Damage to which spinal segments can cause sympathetic disruptions to the head and neck?

Back 68

T1-T3 (Horner's)

Front 69

What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?

Back 69

Inferior thyroid
Transverse cervical
Suprascapular

Front 70

What are the main branches off of the subclavian artery?

Back 70

Vertebral
Internal thoracic
Thyrocervical trunk
Costocervical trunk

Front 71

Lymph from the face must enter what before draining into the deep cervical nodes?

Back 71

pericervical collar (of nodes)

Front 72

Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes located?

Back 72

on the internal jugular (outside the carotid sheath)

Front 73

What lymph nodes in the head and neck act as sentinels?

Back 73

Supraclavicular/transverse cervical/inferior deep cervical nodes

Front 74

Where does the thoracic duct enter systemic circulation?

Back 74

at the junction of the subclavian and internal jugular veins on the left

Front 75

Back 75

Front 76

Back 76

Front 77

Back 77