Anatomy Head And Neck

Front 1

borders of the neck

Back 1

from inferior border of mandible and superior nuchal line to level of first rib

Front 2

what are the two subdivisions of the neck

Back 2

anterior (cervix) and posterior (nucha)

Front 3

What two important endocrine glands are in the neck

Back 3

paracrine and thyroid

Front 4

at what cervical level does the hyoid bone lie

Back 4

3rd-4th cervical vertebrae

Front 5

what muscles attach to the hyoid bone?

Back 5

digastric, middle pharyngeal, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, sternohyoid, and omohyoid

Front 6

which three muscles connect the hyoid bone to the mandible?

Back 6

mylohyoid, geniohyoid and anterior belly of the digastric

Front 7

what attaches the hyoid to the skull?

Back 7

posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid

Front 8

at what cervical level is the thyroid cartilage

Back 8

C4

Front 9

at what cervical level is the cricoid cartilage

Back 9

C6

Front 10

ἀληθής, -ες

Back 10

true; genuine

Front 11

where is the first tracheal ring located

Back 11

lies above the isthmus of the thyroid gland. the isthmus covers the 2-4th tracheal rings

Front 12

at what vertebral level is the suprasternal notch

Back 12

T2

Front 13

What is the clinical significance of a deviated trachea?

Back 13

increased or decreased pressure or traction on the structures, a sclerosing tumor or fibrosis of infected or malignant lymph nodes, or collapsed lung

Front 14

what nerve innervates the platysma?

Back 14

Cr. VII Facial--descending cervical branch, and mandibular branch near the mouth

Front 15

εἷς, μία, ἓν

Back 15

one

Front 16

what is the action of the trapezius muscle?

Back 16

rotates the scapula and raises the point of hte shoulder when the arm is fully abducted and flexed. two sides together draw head back, lower fibers lower scapula

Front 17

what is the clinical significance of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Back 17

divides the side of neck into anterior and posterior triangles, separated from platysma by external jugular vein, great auricular nerve and transverse cervical nerves.

Front 18

what is the action of the sternocleidomastoid

Back 18

rotates head to opposite side to look upward, ear to shoulder, flex head forward at atlanto-occipital joint

Front 19

what is the action of the infrahyoid muscles

Back 19

strap muscles, depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage during swallowing and speaking

Front 20

where is the longus colli muscle located? what does it do

Back 20

anterior aspect of vertebral column-extends from atlas to T3, divided into three parts. acts to bend neck forward, oblique part flexes the neck laterally, inferior part rotates the head to the opposite side. forms one side of vertebral triangle

Front 21

what is the clinical significance of the anterior scalene

Back 21

phrenic nerve passes on top of it, subclavian vein passes above first rib above insertion of anterior scalene, and subclavian artery below insertion.

Front 22

describe the middle scalene muscle and anatomical relationship to structures around it

Back 22

longest and largest of scalenes, crossed by clavicle and omohyoid, pierced by nerves to serratus anterior and nerve to rhomboids, levator scapulae and scalene posterior are posterolateral to it, roots of brachial plexus enter posterior triangle of neck between the anterior and middle scalenes as do the subclavian artery, cervical nerves and cervical dome of pleura

Front 23

posterior scalene- descrbe

Back 23

smallest attached by thin tendon to surface of 2nd rib

Front 24

name the boundaries of the anterior triangle, and the four subsidiary triangles

Back 24

ventrally-midline
laterally-sternocleidomastoid muscle
cephalically-body of mandible
4 subdivisions: digastric, carotid, submental, muscular or inferior carotid

Front 25

what is the carotid triangle

Back 25

boundaries:
superior- posterior belly of digastric
medially-superior belly of omohyoid
posteriorly-anterior border of sternocleidomastoid

contains common carotid artery, internal and external carotids, carotid sinus, carotid body, internal jugular vein, vagus, ansa cervicalis, and many dep cervical lymph nodes

Front 26

what are the boundaries of the posterior cervical triangle

Back 26

sternocleidomastoid
trapezius
clavicle

Front 27

where is the origin and termination of the anterior jugular vein

Back 27

submandibular/submental veins, terminates at external jugular vein, sometimes the subclavian vein. size is inversely proportional to external jugular

Front 28

What is the origin of the external jugular?

Back 28

posterior branch of retromandibular veinand posterior auricular vein - begins at lower edge of parotid

Front 29

where are the 2 valves on the external jugular

Back 29

entrance to subclavian vein, another 4cm above clavicle
betwee these valves is the sinus of the external jugular.

Front 30

what are the clinical correlations of the external jugular

Back 30

where direct line to superior vena cava can be inserted to monitor central venous pressure

Front 31

what causes jugular vein distension

Back 31

heart failure, obstruction of superior vena cava, enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes. indication of central pressure