Anatomy Final Vocab

Front 1

# of Cranial Nerves

Back 1

12

Front 2

A fibers

Back 2

sensory neurons that propagate impulses associated with touch, pressure, position of joints, some thermal and pain sensations, and are theaxons of motor neuron that conduct impulses to skeletal muscles

Front 3

Acetylcholine

Back 3

Inside each synaptic vesicle are thousands of molecules of ACh

Front 4

Acne

Back 4

an inflammation of sebaceous glands that usually begins at puberty, when the sebaceous glands are stimulated by androgens.

Front 5

Action Potential

Back 5

Propagated by voltage gated channel

Front 6

Active transport

Back 6

Some polar or charged solutes that must enter or leave body cells cannot cross the plasma membrane through any form of passive transport because they world need to move uphill against their concentration gradients. Such soloutes may be able to cross the membrane by this process

Front 7

Anatomical position

Back 7

a position of the body universally used in anatomical descriptions in which the body is erect, the head is level, the eyes face forward, the upper limbs are at the sides, the palms face forward and the feet are flat on the floor

Front 8

Anterior

Back 8

Nearer to or at the front of the body.

Front 9

Anterior corticospinal tracts

Back 9

convey nerve impulses that originate in the cerebral cortex and are destined to cause voluntary movements of skeletal muscles.

Front 10

Anterior root

Back 10

The structure composed of axons of motor neurons that emerges from anterior aspect of the spinal cord and extends laterally to join a posterior root, forming a spinal nerve. (Ventral root)

Front 11

Ascending tract

Back 11

a pathway for nerve impulses traveling inward or toward the brain, the center of an organ, or another body structure

Front 12

Association areas

Back 12

in the cerebrum consist of large areas of the occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes and of the frontal lobes anterior to the motor areas. They are connected with association tracts.

Front 13

Astrocytes

Back 13

A neuroglial cell having a star shape that participates in brain development and the metabolism of neurotransmitters, helps from the blood-brain barrier, helps maintain the proper balance of K+ for generation of nerve impulses, and provide a link between neurons and blood vessels.

Front 14

Auditory reflex center

Back 14

involuntary muscle contraction that occurs in the middle ear of mammals in response to high-intensity sound stimuli.

Front 15

Axillary

Back 15

armpit

Front 16

Ball and socket joint

Back 16

a synovial joint in which the rounded surgace of one bone moves within a cup-shaped depression or socket of another bone, as in the shoulder or hip joint.

Front 17

Bipolar neurons

Back 17

have one main dendrite and one axon. Cell body in middle

Front 18

Brachial plexus

Back 18

a network of nerve axons of the ventral rami of shinal nerves C5-C8 and T1. The nerves hat emerge from the brachial plexus supply the upper limb.

Front 19

Broca's area

Back 19

located in frontal lobe close to the lateral cerebral sulcus, is involved in the articulation of speech.

Front 20

Carbohydrates

Back 20

best source or energy. Includes sugars, glycogen, starches, and cellulose.

Front 21

Cartilage

Back 21

type of connective tissue consisting of chondrocytes in lacunae embedded in a dense network of collegen and elastic fibers and a extracellular matrix of chondroitin sulfate.

Front 22

Caveolae

Back 22

small pouch like invaginations of the plasma membrane, they contain extracellular Ca2+ that can be used for muscular contraction.

Front 23

Central fovea

Back 23

a depression in the center of the macula lutea of the retina, containing cones only and lacking the blood vessels, the area of highest visual acuity (sharpness)

Front 24

Cerebellum

Back 24

the part of the brain lying posterior to the medulla oblongata and pons. Governs balance and coordinates skilled movements

Front 25

Cerebral gyrus

Back 25

any of the tortuous convolutions on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres, caused by infolding of the cortex and separated by fissures or sulci.

Front 26

Cerebral peduncle

Back 26

one of a pair on nerve axon bundles located on the anterior surface of the midbrain, conduction nerve impulses between the pons and the cerebral heisphers

Front 27

Cerebrospinal fluid

Back 27

CSF a fluid produced by ependymal cells that cover choroid plexuses in the ventricles of the brain. The fluid circulates in the ventricles, the central canal nad subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord.

Front 28

Cervical plexus

Back 28

a network formed by nerve axons from the ventral rami of the first four cervical verves and receiving pray rami communicantes from the superior cervical ganglion.

Front 29

Characteristics of connective tissue

Back 29

It binds together, supports, and strengthens other body tissues. Protecs and insulates internal organs. Compartmentalizes structures such as skeletal muscles. Serves as the major transport system within the body. Is the primary location of the stored energy reserves(fat). And is the main source of immune responses.

Front 30

Characteristics of epithelial tissue

Back 30

1. Selective barriers that limit or aid the transfer of substances in and out of the body. 2. Secretory surfaces that release products produced by the cells onto their free surfaces. 3. Protective surfaces that resist the abrasive influences of the environment.

Front 31

Chromatin

Back 31

the threadlike mass of genetic material consisting of DNA and histone proteins, that is present in the nucleus of nondividing or intephase cell.

Front 32

Ciliary muscle

Back 32

circular band of smooth muscle, contraction or relaxation of muscle changes the tightness of the zonular fibers, which alter the shape of the lens, adapting it for near or far vision

Front 33

Cochlea

Back 33

a winding, cone shaped tube forming a portion of the inner ear and containing the spiral organ

Front 34

Collagen fibers

Back 34

most common protein, in connective tissue

Front 35

Colles fracture

Back 35

a fracture of the distal end of the lateral forearm bone with distal fragment is displaced posteriorly.

Front 36

Commissural tracts

Back 36

contain axons that conduct nerve impulses from gyri in one cerebral hemisphere to corresponding gyri in the other cerebral hemisphere.

Front 37

Compact bone tissue

Back 37

bone tissue that contains few spaces between osteons: forms the external portion of all bones and the bulk of the diaphsysis (shaft) of long bones: is found immediately deep to the periosteum and external to spongy bone.

Front 38

Compact bone

Back 38

Support, protection, storage; houses blood forming tissue; serves as levers that act with muscle tissue to enable movement.

Front 39

Components of a reflex arc

Back 39

Sensory receptor, Sensory neuron, Integrating center, motor neuron, and effector

Front 40

Compound (open) fracture

Back 40

the bone is splintered, crushed or broken in pieces and smaller bone fragments lie between the two main fragments

Front 41

Cones

Back 41

Lets you see colors

Front 42

Contralateral

Back 42

on the opposite side; affecting the opposite side of the body

Front 43

Conus medullaris

Back 43

the tapered portion of the spinal cord inferior to the lumbar enlargement.

Front 44

Cornea

Back 44

the nonvascular transparent fibrous coat through which the iris of the eye can be seen.

Front 45

Meissner Corpuscles

Back 45

a sensory receptor of touch; found in dermal papillae, especially in balms and soles

Front 46

Cardiac muscle

Back 46

principal tissue in the heart wall

Front 47

Crossed extensor reflex

Back 47

a reflex that occurs on the opposite limp as a result of pain in original limb

Front 48

Cuticle

Back 48

a narrow band of epidermis that extends from and adheres to the margin of the nail wall

Front 49

Cytoskeleton

Back 49

complex internal structure of cytoplasm consisting of microfilaments, microtubule, and intermediate filaments.

Front 50

Dense bodies

Back 50

the thin filaments attach to structures. Functionally similar to Z discs in striated muscle fiber.

Front 51

Dense regular, connective tissue

Back 51

bundles of collagen fibers and regulary arranged in parallel patterns that provide the tissue with great strength.

Front 52

Denticulate ligaments

Back 52

attach it to the arachnoid and dura maters. Named for their tooth like appearance, the denticulate ligaments are traditionally believed to provide stability for the spinal cord against motion within the vertebral column.

Front 53

Dermal papillae

Back 53

the dermal papilla are extensions of the dermis into the epidermis.

Front 54

Descending tracts

Back 54

a nerve tract in the spinal cord that carries impulses away from the brain axis of the body or body part

Front 55

Diencephalon

Back 55

secondary brain, subdivide of prosencephalon

Front 56

Divergent circuit

Back 56

nerve impule from a single presynaptic neuron causes the stimulation of increasing # of cells along the circuit.

Front 57

Dura matey

Back 57

the tough and inflexible outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Front 58

Elastic cartilage

Back 58

gives support and maintains shape, like the ear.

Front 59

End Plate potential gated

Back 59

Occurs out of neuro effector junction

Front 60

Endochondral ossification

Back 60

one of two types of bone formation (ossification) and is the process responsible for much of the bone growth in vertebrate skeletons, especially in long bones.

Front 61

Enzymes

Back 61

proteins that catalyze (accelerate) chemical reactions

Front 62

Ependymal cells

Back 62

Ependyma is one of four types of neuroglia, and is itself lined with epithelial cilia of the central nervous system. Within the brain's ventricles, ependymal cells are involved in the production of the CSF.

Front 63

Epigastric

Back 63

adjective which means "of, relating to or characterised by the epigastrium". An abdominal pain or an abdominal viscus might be described as "epigastric". The superior and inferior epigastric arteries are considered an important feature of the anterior abdominal wall.

Front 64

Eponychiurn

Back 64

Cuticle

Front 65

Exercise of muscle fibers

Back 65

weights-increase size and strength of FG
running- transform FG to FOG slight increase in diameter increase blood supply and # of mitochondria

Front 66

Excitability

Back 66

the property of a cell that enables it to react to irritation or stimulation, such as the ability of a nerve or muscle cell to react to an electric stimulus

Front 67

Exocrine gland

Back 67

one whose secretion is discharged through a duct opening on an internal or external surface of the body.

Front 68

Extension

Back 68

a "straightening" movement allowed by certain joints of the skeleton that increases the angle between two adjoining bones, such as extending the leg, which increases the posterior angle between the femur and the tibia.

Front 69

Fasciculi

Back 69

A bundle of anatomical fibers, as of muscle.

Front 70

Fasciculus cuneatus

Back 70

The larger lateral subdivision of the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord

Front 71

Fasciculus gracilis

Back 71

The smaller medial subdivision of the posterior funiculus of the spinal cord

Front 72

Fibrocartilage

Back 72

cartilage of parallel, thick, compact collagenous bundles, separated by narrow clefts containing the typical cartilage cells

Front 73

Fissure

Back 73

any cleft or groove, normal or otherwise, especially a deep fold in the cerebral cortex involving its entire thickness.

Front 74

Flexion

Back 74

the act of bending or the condition of being bent

Front 75

Fracture repair

Back 75

Fracture repair is the process of rejoining and realigning the ends of broken bones

Front 76

Function of ca in muscle cells

Back 76

used to contract muscles

Front 77

Functions of bone

Back 77

Bones shape, support, and protect body structures. They also aid body movements, house tissues that produce blood cells, and store various inorganic salts.

Front 78

Functions of bone lamellae

Back 78

responsible for the compact nature (hardness) on the bone tissue

Front 79

Gaba

Back 79

A neurotransmitter that slows down the activity of nerve cells in the brain.

Front 80

Gliding joint

Back 80

synovial joint in which the opposed surfaces are flat or only slightly curved, so that the bones slide against each other in a simple and limited way

Front 81

Glycogen

Back 81

A polysaccharide that is the main form of carbohydrate storage in animals and occurs mainly in liver and muscle tissue; it is readily converted to glucose

Front 82

Golgi apparatus

Back 82

Organelles that function in the collection, packaging, and distribution of materials synthesized in the cell

Front 83

Gonococcal Arthritis

Back 83

gonorrhea is a common cause

Front 84

Greenstick fracture

Back 84

partial fracture in which one side of the bone is broken and the other side bends

Front 85

Hair Matrix

Back 85

stops growing hair if damaged

Front 86

Haversian. System

Back 86

(osteon) the basic unit of structure of compact bone, comprising a haversian canal and its concentrically arranged lamellae.

Front 87

High oxidative fast twitch

Back 87

Fast oxidative-glycolytic\walking and sprinting

Front 88

High oxidative slow twitch

Back 88

Fast glycolytic\heavy lifting

Front 89

Hinge joint

Back 89

a joint that allows movement in but one plane, forward and backward, as does a door hinge.

Front 90

Horizontal plane

Back 90

one passing through the body, at right angles to both the frontal and median planes, dividing the body into upper and lower parts.

Front 91

Hyaline cartilage

Back 91

Several varieties of fibers loosely interwoven with fibrolasts, mast cells, histocytes and contained within a gel-like matrix

Front 92

Hypochondriac

Back 92

the regions of the upper abdomen beneath the lower ribs and lateral to the epigastric region

Front 93

Iliac

Back 93

situated near hips on both sides of body

Front 94

Hypogastric

Back 94

region of body located between the iliac or hip bones

Front 95

Hypothalamus

Back 95

regulates body temp

Front 96

Impacted

Back 96

one end of the fractured bone is forcefully driven into the interior of the other

Front 97

Innervation of tongue

Back 97

Muscles of the tongue are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (the twelfth cranial nerve, or CN XII). Touch sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is carried by the trigeminal nerve (CN V), and from the posterior one-third by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX). Taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is from the facial nerve (CN VII), and from the posterior one-third via the glossopharyngeal nerve.

Front 98

Integral proteins

Back 98

transporters, channels, receptors, enzymes, structural membrane-anchoring domains, proteins involved in accumulation and transduction of energy, and proteins responsible for cell adhesion

Front 99

Intermediate filament

Back 99

protein filament, ranging from 8-12nm in deameter, that may provide structrual reinforcement, hold organelles in place, and give shape to a cell

Front 100

Intervertebral disc

Back 100

a broad disk of fibrocartilage situated between adjacent vertebrae of the spinal column.

Front 101

Intramembrancus ossification

Back 101

is one of the two essential processes during fetal development of the mammalian skeletal system resulting in the creation of bone tissue

Front 102

Initiates voluntary movement

Back 102

Voluntary muscle contractions are initiated in the brain, while the spinal cord initiates involuntary reflexes Ipsilateral

Front 103

Isometric

Back 103

Of or involving muscular contraction against resistance in which the length of the muscle remains the same.

Front 104

Keratin

Back 104

A tough, nonwater-soluble protein found in the nails, hair, and the outermost layer of skin. Human hair is made up largely of keratin

Front 105

Lacuna

Back 105

An anatomical cavity, space, or depression, especially in a bone

Front 106

Lamella

Back 106

A thin scale, plate, or layer of bone or tissue, as around the minute vascular canals in bone

Front 107

Lateral

Back 107

farther from the midline of the body or structure

Front 108

Lateral spinothalmic tract

Back 108

a bundle of sensory axons ascending through the white matter of the spinal cord, carrying sensory information to the brain. It carries pain and temperature sensory information to the thalamus of the brain

Front 109

Layers of the skin

Back 109

basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

Front 110

Length of spinal cord

Back 110

ends at the level of the first lumbar vertebra, which is just below the level of the ribs.

Front 111

Limbic system

Back 111

a group of brain structures (including the hippocampus, gyrus fornicatus, and amygdala) common to all mammals; it is associated with olfaction, autonomic functions, and certain aspects of emotion and behavior.

Front 112

Ligament

Back 112

The tissue that attaches bones together at joints

Front 113

Low oxidative fast twitch

Back 113

Slow oxidative fibers\running a marathon

Front 114

Lumbar

Back 114

Of, near, or situated in the part of the back and sides between the lowest ribs and the pelvis.

Front 115

Lumbar plexus

Back 115

A network formed by the anterior branches of spinal nerves L1-L4

Front 116

Medulla

Back 116

The inner core of certain organs or body structures, such as the marrow of bone

Front 117

Medulla oblongata

Back 117

The lowest section of the brainstem, located next to the spinal cord. The medulla is the site of important cardiac and respiratory regulatory centers

Front 118

Membrane potential

Back 118

The potential inside a cell membrane measured relative to the fluid just outside; it is negative under resting conditions and becomes positive during an action potential

Front 119

Meninges of spinal cord

Back 119

3 membranes covering the brain and spinal cord, called the dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

Front 120

mesencephalon

Back 120

midbrain

Front 121

mesenchyme

Back 121

embryonic skeleton connective tissue

Front 122

Merocrine

Back 122

denoting that type of glandular secretion in which the secreting cell remains intact throughout the process of formation and discharge of the secretory products, as in the salivary and pancreatic glands

Front 123

Microglial cells

Back 123

small nonneural cells forming part of the supporting structure of the central nervous system. They are migratory and act as phagocytes to waste products of nerve tissue

Front 124

Mitochondria

Back 124

Spherical or rod shaped parts of the cell. Mitochondria contain genetic material (DNA and RNA) and are responsible for converting food to energy.

Front 125

Monosynaptic

Back 125

pertaining to or passing through a single synapse

Front 126

Multiunit smooth muscle

Back 126

consists of individual fiber, each with its own motor neuron terminals and with few gap junctions between neighboring fibers. Stimulation of it will causes contration of that fiber only

Front 127

Muscle relaxation

Back 127

the resting state of a muscle fiber or a group of muscle fibers

Front 128

Myelinated fibers

Back 128

grayish white nerve fibers whose axons are encased in a myelin sheath, which may in turn be enclosed by a neurilemma.

Front 129

Myelinated sheath

Back 129

a multilayered lipid and protein covering around some axons that insulates them and increases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.

Front 130

Name cranial nerves

Back 130

olfactory (I), optic (II), oculomotor (III), trochlear (IV), trigeminal (V), abducens (VI), facial (VII), vestibulocochlear (VIII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), accessory (XI), and hypoglossal (XII) nerves.

Front 131

Nerve fibers

Back 131

fibers of brain contract impulse

Front 132

Neurofibril node

Back 132

are regularly spaced gaps in the myelin sheath around an axon or nerve fiber, these gaps expose the axonal membrane to the extracellular fluid.

Front 133

Neuroglia

Back 133

(glia) are non-neuronal cells that provide support and nutrition, maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. In the human brain, glia are estimated to outnumber neurons by about 10 to 1

Front 134

Olfactory bulbs

Back 134

The olfactory bulb is a structure of the vertebrate forebrain involved in olfaction, the perception of odors.

Front 135

Oligodendrocytes

Back 135

are a variety of neuroglia. Their main function is the myelination of axons exclusively in the central nervous system of the higher vertebrates, a function performed by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. A single oligodendrocyte can extend to up to 50 axons, wrapping around approximately 1 mm of each and forming the myelin sheath.

Front 136

Osteoclasts

Back 136

A large multinuclear cell that resorbs bone matrix.

Front 137

Osteoarthitis

Back 137

common wear and tear

Front 138

Osteoprogenitor cell

Back 138

(preosteoblast) A mesenchymal cell that differentiates into an osteoblast.

Front 139

Pacinian corpulscle

Back 139

Oval shaped pressure receptor located in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue and consisting of concentric layers of connective tissue wrapped around the dendrites of a sensory neuron.

Front 140

Parallel circuit

Back 140

single presynaptic cell to a group of neurons one output- precise activities like math

Front 141

Parkinson's disease

Back 141

progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and substantia nigra of the cerebrum resulting in decreased production of dopamine that leads to tremor, slowing of voluntary movements, and muscle weakness

Front 142

Phrenic nerve

Back 142

origin, cervical plexus (C4–C5); general sensory and motor

Front 143

Pinna

Back 143

the external ear

Front 144

Plasma cells

Back 144

Cell that develops from a B cell and produces antibodies; a type of white blood cell.

Front 145

Polarization

Back 145

the process of producing a relative separation of positive and negative charges, such as in a body, cell, molecule, or atom

Front 146

Posterior

Back 146

Near to or at the back of the body

Front 147

Postural reflexes

Back 147

initiated by the asymmetric stimulation of the body surface by the weight of the body, so that the head tends to assume a horizontal position.

Front 148

Pott's fracture

Back 148

a fracture of the distal end of the lateral leg bone with serious injury of the distal tibial articulation.

Front 149

Pronation

Back 149

The lowering or descending of the inner edge of the foot by turning the entire foot outwards

Front 150

Prosencephalon

Back 150

forebrain

Front 151

Protoplasmic astrocytes

Back 151

An astrocyte found in the gray matter of the brain, having few fibrils and numerous branching processes

Front 152

Protraction

Back 152

the movement of the mandible or shoulder girdle forward on a plan parallel with the ground

Front 153

Proximal

Back 153

Nearer the attachment of a limb to the trunk

Front 154

Pseudostratified epithelium

Back 154

a type that looks stratified but is not, because its cells are arranged with their nuclei at different levels

Front 155

Red nucleus

Back 155

a distinctive oval nucleus (pink in fresh specimens) centrally placed in the upper mesencephalic reticular formation

Front 156

Reticular formation

Back 156

a small, thick cluster of neurons nestled within the brainstem, including the medulla that controls the level of consciousness and other vital functions of the body. The reticular formation constantly monitors the state of the body through connections with the sensory and motor tracts. Certain nerve cells in the formation regulate the flow of hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Other cells regulate swallowing, tongue movements, and movements of the face, eyes, and tongue.

Front 157

Retraction

Back 157

posterior movement, removal, or pulling away.

Front 158

Rheumatoid

Back 158

autoimmune

Front 159

Rhombencephalon

Back 159

hindbrain

Front 160

Saccule and utricle

Back 160

a structure in the saccule or utricle of the inner ear

Front 161

Sacral plexus

Back 161

one arising from the anterior branches of the last two lumbar and the first four sacral nerves

Front 162

Saddle joint .

Back 162

one having two saddle-shaped surfaces at right angles to each other

Front 163

Saltatory conduction

Back 163

the passage of a potential from node to node of a nerve fiber, rather than along the membrane.

Front 164

Sarcolemma

Back 164

A thin membrane enclosing a striated muscle fiber

Front 165

Sarcomere

Back 165

the smallest functional unit of a myofibril. Sarcomeres occur as repeating units along the length of a myofibril, occupying the region between Z lines of the myofibril.

Front 166

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Back 166

a network of tubules and sacs in skeletal muscle fibers that plays an important role in muscle contraction and relaxation by releasing and storing calcium ions.

Front 167

Schwann cells

Back 167

a neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system that forms the myelin sheath and neurolemma around a nerve axon by wrapping around the axon in a jelly roll fashion

Front 168

Sciatic nerve

Back 168

the largest nerve of the body: origin, sacral plexus (L4–S3);

Front 169

Sclera

Back 169

The tough fibrous tunic forming the outer envelope of the eye and covering all of the eyeball except the cornea; the white of the eye

Front 170

Scoliosis

Back 170

a side-to-side curvature of the spine

Front 171

Sebaceous gland .

Back 171

one of the holocrine glands in the dermis that secrete sebum

Front 172

Selective permeability

Back 172

a membrane that prevents the passage of some substances but allows the passage of others based on differences in the size, charge, or lipid-solubility of the substances.

Front 173

Serous membrane

Back 173

the membrane lining the external walls of the body cavities and reflected over the surfaces of protruding organs; it secretes a watery exudates.

Front 174

Skeletal muscle

Back 174

most of the muscles move bones of the skeleton. Striated tissue

Front 175

Sliding filament theory

Back 175

mechanism proposed for muscle contraction where myosin head groups of the thick filaments move along the interdigitated actin of the thin filaments, sliding past them and thereby shortening the sarcomere.

Front 176

Somatic efferents

Back 176

arise from motor neuron cell bodies in the ventral horns of the gray matter within the spinal cord. They exit the spinal cord through the ventral roots, carrying motor impulses to skeletal muscle.

Front 177

Spatial summation

Back 177

a way of achieving action potential in a neuron which involves input from multiple cells

Front 178

Spinal nerves

Back 178

the mixed spinal nerve, which is formed from the dorsal and ventral roots that come out of the spinal cord. The spinal nerve is the bit that passes out of the vertebrae through the intervertebral foramen

Front 179

Steps in fracture repair

Back 179

Formation of fracture hemataoma; Fibrocartilaginous callus formation; Bony callus formation; and Bone remodeling

Front 180

Stratified epithelium

Back 180

Epithelium made up of a series of layers, the cells of each varying in size and shape

Front 181

stratum basale

Back 181

the layer of keratinocytes that lies at the base of the epidermis immediately above the dermis. It consists of a single layer of tall, simple columnar epithelial cells lying on a basement membrane. These cells undergo rapid cell division, mitosis to replenish the regular loss of skin by shedding from the surface

Front 182

Structural classification of neurons

Back 182

Multipolar, bipolar and unipolar neurons

Front 183

Sulcus

Back 183

a depression, especially one on the brain surface

Front 184

Superior colliculi

Back 184

is a paired structure that is part of the brain's tectal area.

Front 185

Supination

Back 185

the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly, or palm facing up (when the arms are unbent and at the sides).

Front 186

Temporal summation

Back 186

an effect generated by a single neuron as way of achieving action potential.

Front 187

Three levels of N.S. function

Back 187

1 somatic nervous system is responsible for coordinating the body movements, and also for receiving external stimuli
2 autonomic nervous system sensory neurons that conve information from autonomic sensory receptors
3 enteric nervous system brain of the gut, is involuntary, monitory GI tract

Front 188

Touch receptors

Back 188

specialized sensory nerve endings that are sensitive to tactile stimuli

Front 189

Transverse

Back 189

an imaginary plane that cuts the body in two, separating the superior half from the inferior half, and that lies at a right angle from the body's vertical axis.

Front 190

tRNA

Back 190

One of a class of RNA molecules that transports amino acids to ribosomes for incorporation into a polypeptide undergoing synthesis

Front 191

Troponin- tropomyosin

Back 191

regulate protein in skeletal and cardiac muscle

Front 192

T-tubules

Back 192

(transverse tubule), is a deep invagination of the plasma membrane found in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. These invaginations allow depolarization of the membrane to quickly penetrate to the interior of the cell.

Front 193

3rd degree burn

Back 193

blisters

Front 194

Unitary smooth muscle

Back 194

bundle is innervated by an autonomic nerve fibre. This cell then propagates an action potential in neighbouring cells due to the presence of many gap junctions between the concerned cells. This kind of smooth muscle unit is located in the uterus

Front 195

Unmyelinated fibers

Back 195

nerve fibers that lack the myelin sheath

Front 196

Visceral smooth muscle

Back 196

found in tubular arrangementthat form part of the walls of small arteries and veins and of hollow organs such as the stomach, intestines, uterus, and urinary bladder.

Front 197

Visual reflex center

Back 197

concerned with the changing of pupil size and lens shape.

Front 198

Voluntary movement center

Back 198

Voluntary muscle contractions are initiated in the brain

Front 199

Voluntary movements

Back 199

performed out of the will of the animal

Front 200

Z lines [discs]

Back 200

Narrow, plate shaped regions of dense material that separate one sarcomere from the next