Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Borders of PCT
|
SCM, trap, clavicle
|
|
|
separates the PCT into two triangles
|
inf belly of the omohyoid muscle
becomes occipital and omoclavicular (subclavian) |
|
|
innervates the platysma
|
facial n (cn7)
|
|
|
3 attachments of SCM?
|
mastoid process
sternum clavicle |
|
|
innervation of scm
|
spinal accesory, cn11
|
|
|
what is in the interscalene triange and what muscles make up this triangle
|
brachial plexus
and subclavian artery (the ant and middle scalene make this up) |
|
|
What nerves are in the cervical plexus? (c1-c4)
|
lesser occiptal (c2)
greater auricular c2,c3 supraclavicular c3,c4 transverse cervical c2,c3 |
|
|
What is the significances of Erbs point?
|
where the cervical plexus exits, posterior to scm
|
|
|
What is the most common nerve injury?
|
damage to spinal accessory nerve (in the PCT)
|
|
|
What would damage to the jugular foramen cause?
|
damage to the cn11
|
|
|
What are the deep nerves in the pct?
|
phrenic (c3,c4,c5)
dorsal scapular (c5) long thoracic(c5,c6,c7) brachial plexus (c5-t1) |
|
|
what does the phrenic nerve pass over?
|
anterior scalene
|
|
|
What comes off the tyrocervical trunk?
|
suprascapular artery
transverse cervical artery inferior thyroid a ascending cervical a |
|
|
5 ventral rami of brachial plexus
what are the roots of the long thoracic n dorsal scapular n phrenic n |
phrenic (c3,c4,c5)
long thoracic (c5, c6, c7) dorsal scapular (c5) |
|
|
What are the three trunks of the brachial plexus?
|
Superior(c5,c6)
middle(c7) inferior (c8,t1) |
|
|
What are the two branches of the superior trunk
|
suprascapular n (c4,c5,c6)
nerve to subclavius(c5) |
|
|
How many divisions of the brachial plexus are there?
|
6
3posterior 3anterior |
|
|
How many cords of the brachial plexus are there? and what are their names?
|
3
lateral (c5,6,7) posterior (c5-t1) medial (c8,t1) nameed based on position to axillary artery |
|
|
What is special about the posterior cord?
|
it has contributions from all rami
|
|
|
What are the 5 branches of the brachial plexus?
|
musculocutaneous
median (all) radial(all) axillary ulnar (c8,t1) |
|
|
What parts of the brachial plexus are supraclavicular?
|
Rami and trunks
|
|
|
Borders of Act
|
SCM, jugular notch, body of mandible
|
|
|
Suprahyoid muscles
|
Digastric muscles (ant and post bellies)
Stylohyoid Geniohyoid Mylohyoid |
|
|
Infrahyoids
|
Superficial: Sternohyoid
Omohyoid Deep: Sternothyroid Thyrohyoid |
|
|
What innervates the infrahyoid muscles?
|
ansa cervicalis
except thyrohyoid |
|
|
Deep muscles of the ACT
|
longus capitis
scalenese rectus capitis longus colli |
|
|
Whats in the submental triangle?
|
lymph nodes
veins to AJV base is hyoid it is unpaired |
|
|
What is in the muscular triangle?
|
Infrahyoid muscles
Thyroid gland parathyroids |
|
|
What is in the submandibular triangle?
|
Submandibular gland
facial artery and vein hypoglossal n (aka the digastric triangle) |
|
|
What is in the carotid triangle? borders?
|
Borders are SCM, omohyoid, post belly of digastric
Carotid sheath is in it along with IJ lymph nodes |
|
|
What are the three branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery"?
|
Vertebral artery
Internal thoracic artery Thyrocervical trunk |
|
|
What are the branches of the thyrocervical trunk?
|
inferior thyroid a
transverse cerival suprascapular ascending cervical |
|
|
What is the branch of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery?
|
Costocervical
highest intercostal |
|
|
What is the branch of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery?
|
Dorsal scapular artery
|
|
|
What are the anterior branches of the external carotid artery?
|
Superior thyroid
Lingual Facial Maxillary Transverse facial Superficial temporal |
|
|
What are the posterior branches of the external carotid?
|
Ascending pharyngeal
Occipital Posterior auricular |
|
|
What nerves run near the carotid sinus and body?
|
CN 9 and 10
|
|
|
What is responsible for the chemoreceptor near the bifurcation of the common carotid?
|
carotid body
|
|
|
What makes up the retromandibular vein in the jugular venous system?
|
maxillary v and the superficial temporal vein
|
|
|
What is the posterior branch of the retromandibular vein made of?
|
EJV (posterior auricular + occipital)
|
|
|
what makes up the common facial vein?
|
anterior branch of retromandibular + facial vein
|
|
|
What are the tributaries Internal Jugular vein?
|
common facial v
pterygoid plexus pharyngeal v lingual v thyroid v |
|
|
What are the four cranial nerves in the ACT?
|
glossopharyngeal
vagus accessory hypoglossal (9-12) |
|
|
What CNs exit through the jugular foramen?
|
9,10,11
|
|
|
What does the ansa cervicalis root from? and what does it innervate?
|
c1-c3
infrahyoid muscles except thyrohyoid |
|
|
What does the C1 ventral rami innervate?
|
Thyrohyoid
and Geniohyoid |
|
|
What is the arterial supply to the thyroid?
|
superior thyroid
inferior thyroid thyroid ima artery (off of brachiocephalic) |
|
|
What do the superior thyroid and middle thyroid vein drain into?
|
IJV
|
|
|
What does the inferior thyroid vein drain into?
|
brachiocephalic vein
|
|
|
What is responsible for raising the upper eyelid?
|
Levator palpebrae superioris
innervated by CNIII(oculomotor) |
|
|
What is responsible for closing the eyelid and spreading lacrimal fluid?
|
The Orbital sphincter, or orbicularis oculi muscle
innervated by CNVII (facial nerve) |
|
|
What is bells palsy caused by?
|
injury to facial nerve CN7
inflammation to stylomastoid foramen (because this is where it exits) |
|
|
innervation of stylohyoid muscle?
|
facial nerve (CNVII)
makes sense because facial nerve exits through stylomastoid foramen |
|
|
What innervates the stylopharyngeas muscle?
|
Glossopharyngeal n (CNIX)
|
|
|
What innervates the Superior tarsal muscle? and what does this muscle do?
|
raises the eyelid
it is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic fibers from SCG(superior cervial ganglia) |
|
|
What causes complete ptosis?
|
oculomotor palsy
|
|
|
What causes incomplete ptosis?
|
lesions of sympathetic pathways to superior tarsal muscle
|
|
|
Describe the lacrimal gland innervation (parasympt)
|
Pregang Motor Parasymp fibers from CN7 go to the ptygopalatine ganglia by the greater petrosal n. and then go to the lacrimal gland by way of the lacrimal branch of CN V1
|
|
|
Describe the sympathetic innervation for the lacrimal gland.
|
Postgang Symp from SCG (superior cervial ganglia) go through the pterygopalatine gangliion to the lacrimal nerve
|
|
|
What does the lacrimal nerve carry?
|
secretomotor from CN7
|
|
|
Where does the axillary nerve terminate?
|
sphenopalatine ganglion
|
|
|
where does the nasolacrimal duct terminate?
|
inferior nasal meatus
|
|
|
What innervates the superior oblique muscle in the eye
|
remember SO4
Trochlear n |
|
|
What innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye?
|
LR6
CN6=abducens |
|
|
What goes through the common tendinous ring?
|
optic nerve (CN II)
ophthalmic artery nasociliary nerve (CN V1) abducent nerve (CN VI) oculomotor nerve (CN III) |
|
|
What does not go through the common tendinous ring?
|
Trochlear n
|
|
|
What structures enter orbit outside of annulus?
|
trochlear n
lacrimal n (CN V1) frontal n (CN V1) superior opthalmic vein |
|
|
What are the branches of the opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V1)?
|
frontal n (sensory)
lacrimal n (sensory but conveys secretomotor from CNVII) nasociliary n (sensory) -infratrochlear -ethmoidal nerves |
|
|
What is the middle menigeal artery a branch of?
|
maxillary artery off the ECA
|
|
|
What enters outside of the annulus?
|
L
F T SOV (lacrimal n, frontal n, trochlear n, superior opthalmic vein) |
|
|
What two nerves deal with the corneal blink reflex?
|
5 and 7
|
|
|
What are the three ciliary ganglion sources in the eye?
|
-nasociliary nerve (sensory)
-oculomotor nerve (pregang para) -carotid plexus (postgang symp) |
|
|
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers come from where in the ciliary ganglion?
|
carotid plexus and SCG
|
|
|
Preganglionic parasympathetics in the ciliary ganglion come from where?
|
oculomotor nerve
|
|
|
Are fibers coming from the nasociliary branch of V1 into the ciliary ganglion sensory or motor?
|
sensory
|
|
|
Short ciliary nerves of ciliary ganglion distribution are...
|
postganglionic parasympathetic
|
|
|
Long ciliary nerves of the ciliary ganglion are...
|
postganglionic sympathetic
and sensory |
|
|
What are two of the attachments of the tentorium cerebelli?
|
anterior clinoid process of sphenoid bone, and petrous crest of temporal bone
|
|
|
What are the foramina in the MCF?
|
Middle Cranial Fossa:
optic canal superior orbital fissure foramen rotundum foramen ovale foramen spinosum |
|
|
What fossa are the clinoid process of sphenoid bone in?
|
Anterior Cranial Fossa
|
|
|
The sella turcia (prechiasmatic sulcus and hypophyseal fossa) are part of which bone in the skull and are in which fossa?
|
part of the sphenoid bone, and part of middle cranial fossa.
|
|
|
What would a hypophyseal tumor affect?
|
vision, because its near the optic chiasm
|
|
|
What is the keystone bone of the skull?
|
sphenoid bone
|
|
|
Where are the anterior clinoid processes located in the skull?
|
sphenoid bone in anterior cranial fossa
|
|
|
What goes through the optic canal and what fossa is the canal in?
|
CN II (optic), and opthalmic artery
MCF |
|
|
What goes through the foramen rotundum and what fossa is it in?
|
MCF,
and V2 goes through the rotudum |
|
|
What goes through the foramen spinosum and what fossa is it in?
|
MCF
middle meningeal artery and nerve |
|
|
What goes through the foramen ovale and what fossa is it in?
|
MCF
V3 goes through |
|
|
What nerves go through the Superior Orbital fissure and what fossa is the fissure in?
|
MCF
3,4,6, and V1 |
|
|
What nerves are located in the jugular foramen?
|
9,10,11
and also the IJV |
|
|
What nerves go through the internal acoustic meatus?
|
CN 8 (vestibulocochlear) and CN 7 (facial)
Facial goes through but exits through the stylomastoid foramen |
|
|
What goes through the foramen magnum?
|
spinal cord
meninges verterbral arteries spinal arteries (ant/post) roots of CNXI (accessory) |
|
|
What does the cavernous sinus include?
|
Carotid artery
CN 3, 4, 6, V1 |
|
|
Where is the anterior branch of the middle meningeal a? and what would damage cause?
|
pterion,
and would cause an epidural hemorrhage |
|
|
What artery would cause a subarachnoid hematoma?
|
cerebral artery
|
|
|
What may cause a subdural hematoma?
|
damage to superior sagittal sinus
|
