Anatomy Dissector Iii Rundown

Front 1

Aspiration of pathological material from the pleural cavity (serous fluid, fluid mixed with tumor cells, blood, pus, etc)

May be done through the intercostal space

Midaxillary line, or posterior to it.

Intercostal space 6,7 or 8 - to avoid abdominal viscera.

Back 1

Pleural tap (thoracocentesis)

Large bore needle is inserted low in the intercostal space to avoid damage to intercostal nerves and vessels.

Front 2

The anterior and lateral approcaches to the contents are the two most common surgical approaches

In the anterior approach, the sternum is split vertically in the mid line
.
This does not cross major vessels and allows good access to the heart.

The incision through the sternum is closed with stainless steel wires.

Back 2

Anterior thoracic wall approaches

In the lateral approach, an intercostal space is incised to provide access to the lungs or to structures posterior to the heart.

Front 3

Posterior to the 6th or 7th costal cartilage, the internal thoracic artery divides into the:

Back 3

Musculophrenic artery

Superior epigastric artery

Front 4

During quiet inspiration, the inferior border of the lung does not extend into the ___________ recess

Back 4

costodiaphgramatic recess.

Front 5

The endothoracic fascia:

The small amount of connective tissue between the thoracic wall and the costoparietal pleura

Back 5

Provides a cleavage plane for surgical separation of the pleura from the thoracic wall.

Front 6

Under pathologic conditions, the potential space of the pleural cavity may become a real space

Back 6

Air enters pleural cavity = pneumothorax. Lung collapses due to the elasticity of its tissue.

Excess fluid can compress the lung.
Serous fluid = pleural effusion
Blood from trauma = hemothorax

Front 7

At the root of the lung, the mediastinal parietal pleura is continuous with the....

Back 7

visceral pleura

Front 8

The apex of the lung and the cupula of the pleura lies

Back 8

superior to the plane of the superior thoracic aperture

Actually located in the neck

Front 9

The phrenic nerve and pericardiophrenic vessels pass __________ to the root of the lung

Pass medial and deep to the mediastinal pleura.

Back 9

anterior

Note, the vagus nerve runs posterior to the root of the lung

Front 10

The hilum of the lung contains:

Back 10

Lymph nodes
Lymph vessels
Autonomic nerve fibers

Front 11

The outer surface of the pericardium is fibrous, whereas the

Back 11

inner surface of the pericardium is serous and smooth.

Front 12

Attached to the central tendon of the diaphragm.

Back 12

Thus, the heart moves with the diaphragm during inspiration and expiration

Front 13

Ligamentum arteriosum

Back 13

Connects the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta

Front 14

Borders of the heart:

Right border formed by:

Back 14

Right atrium

Front 15

Borders of the heart:

Inferior border

Back 15

Formed by right ventricle and small part of left ventricle

Front 16

Borders of the heart:

Left border

Back 16

Left ventricle

Front 17

Borders of the heart:

Superior border

Back 17

Right and left atria and their respective auricles

Front 18

The right ventricle forms most of the anterior surface of the _______

Back 18

heart

Front 19

The apex of the heart is part of the ________ ventricle

Back 19

left

Normally located deep to the left 5th intercostal space.

About 9 cm from midline

Front 20

The base of the heart is the ______ atrium and part of the _______ atrium

Back 20

left and right

Clinicians often refer to the origin of the great vessels as its base.

Front 21

The line of reflection of parietal serous pericardium to visceral serous pericardium occurs at the .....

Back 21

roots of the great vessels.

Front 22

Inflammatory diseases can cause fluid to accumulate in the pericardial cavity (called pericaridal effusion)

Bleeding into the pericardial cavity (hemopericardium) may result from penetrating heart wounds or perforation of a weakened heart muscle following MI.

Back 22

Pericardium

because the pericardium is composed of fiborus CT, cannot stretch

Fluids trapped in pericardium compress the heart. (cardiac tamponade)

Front 23

Surfaces of the heart

Sternocostal (anterior surface)

Back 23

Right ventricle

Front 24

Surfaces of the heart

Diaphragmatic (inferior surface)

Back 24

Mainly by the left ventricle and small part of right ventricle

Front 25

Surfaces of the heart

Pulmonary (left surface)

Back 25

Formed mainly by left ventricle

In contact with the cardiac impression of the left lung

Front 26

The coronary sulcus and interventricular sulci mark the boundaries of the four ________ of the heart

Back 26

chambers

Front 27

The vessels of the heart and the fat that surrounds them are located between the visceral pericardium (epicardium) and the ____

Back 27

muscular surface of the heart

Front 28

Most veins of the heart are tributaries to the coronary sinus

Back 28

Anterior cardiac veins are exceptions

Bridge the AV sulcus between right atrium and right ventricle.

Drain anterior wall of the right ventricle directly into the right atrium.

Pass superficially to the right coronary artery

Front 29

These structures are found on the inner surface of the anterior wall of the right atrium

Back 29

Pectinate muscles (horizontal ridges of muscle)

Crista terminalis (a vertical ridge of muscle that connects the pectinate muscles)

Front 30

The remnant of the foramen ovale.

In fetal life, blood from the placenta is delivered to the heart by way of the inferior vena cava.

Allows passage into the left atrium and out to the body without passing to the lungs

Back 30

Foramen ovalis