Anatomy - Deep Back And Sub-Occiptial

Front 1

Skeletal muscle develop mainly from this germ layer in the embryo

Back 1

Mesoderm

Front 2

The mesoderm differentiate into these three parts:

Back 2

paraxial mesoderm
intermediate mesoderm
lateral mesoderm

Front 3

In the paraxial mesoderm, paired blocks of _____ that are supplied by its own _____

Back 3

somites

pair of spinal nerves

Front 4

The somite differentiates into the _____ which contributes to the vertebral column

Back 4

ventromedial sclerotome

Front 5

The epimere is the _____ portion of the myotome

Back 5

dorsomedial

Front 6

The hypomere is the ____ portion of the myotome

Back 6

dorsolater

Front 7

The hypomere forms these muscles

Back 7

limbs
extrinsic back muscles
muscles of the body wall

Front 8

The dorsal roots are mainly (sensory/motor), (afferent/efferent), and contain a _____

Back 8

sensory
afferent
dorsal root ganglion

Front 9

The ventral roots are mainly (sensory/motor), (afferent/efferent)

Back 9

motor
efferent

Front 10

Ventral rami form _____ or _____

Back 10

plexuses
intercostal nerves

Front 11

This layer of the intrinsic back muscles are mainly found in the neck

Back 11

superficial layer (spinotransversales)

Front 12

This layer of the intrinsic back muscles are associated with the vertebral column of the back

Back 12

Intermediate (erector spinae)
Deep layer (transversospinales)

Front 13

The segmental muscles of the intrinsic back muscles are mainly for:

Back 13

proprioreception

Front 14

This is enclosed between to layers of facia and is attached to the nuchal ligament, spines of the thoracic, limbar, and sacral vertebrae, supraspinous ligament, iliac crest ischial tuberosity, and sacrum

Back 14

thoracolumbar facia

Front 15

The superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles are formed by muscle(s), attaching to this portion of the spine

Back 15

splenius capitus
splenius cervicis

transverse process

Front 16

The splenius capitus and the splenius cervicis is also known as ____

Back 16

spinotransversales

Front 17

Splenius capitis:

Attachements:

Back 17

Spinous process
Ligamentum nuchae
Superior nuchal line
Mastoid process

Front 18

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis is innervated by this nerve(s)

Back 18

C4-C8

Front 19

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis action(s)

Back 19

Rotates head
Extends/hyperextends head
*ipsilateral*

Front 20

Splenius cervicis

Attatchments:

Back 20

O: Spinous process
I: Transverse process

Front 21

Name the three muscles of the erector spinae: from medial to lateral

Back 21

Spinalis > longissimus > iliocostalis

Front 22

The erector spinae muscles and the deep layer of the intrinsic back muscles are supplied blood through this artery

Back 22

Posterior intercostal arteries

Front 23

The iliocostalis is innervated by nerve(s)

Back 23

Thoracic and lumbar nerves

Front 24

The spinalis is innervated by nerve(s)

Back 24

cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

Front 25

The deep layer of the intrinsic back muscles are also called ____

Back 25

transversospinalis muscles

Front 26

The three deep layer of the back muscles are:
And they each span how many segments:

Back 26

Semispinalis (upper half - span 4-6 segments)
Multifidius (span 2-4)
Rotatares (span 1-2)

Front 27

The only deep layer of the intrinsic back muscle that has an action on the ipsilateral side is the

Back 27

Semispinalis capitis

Front 28

The rotatores is best developed in the _____

Back 28

thoracis region

Front 29

The semispinalis is innervated by nerve(s)

Back 29

dorsal rami of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar nerves

Front 30

The segmental muscles can be divided into these three parts:

Back 30

interspinalis
intertransversarii
levatores costarum

Front 31

This segmental muscle is innervated by both ventral and dorsal nerves:

Back 31

intertransversarii

Front 32

This segmental muscle is innervated by the dorsal rami of C8-T11:

Back 32

Levatores costarum

Front 33

Damage to the dorsal ramus of C2 will cause loss of function of muscle(s)

Back 33

Oblique capitis inferior

Front 34

Damage to the dorsal ramus of C3 will also cause damage to nerve(s)

Back 34

Third occipital nerve

Front 35

Lying next to the occipital artery is nerve(s):

Back 35

Greater occipital nerve

Front 36

These muscles make up the sub-occipital triangle

Back 36

rectus capitis posterior major
oblique capitis inferior
oblique capitis superior

Front 37

This muscles lies medial to the tirangle

Back 37

rectus capitis posterior minor

Front 38

The suboccipital nerve (Dorsal rami of C1) innervates what muscle(s)

Back 38

Rectus capitis posterior major
Oblique capitis inferior
Oblique capitis superior
Rectus capitis posterior minor

Front 39

Damage to the occipital artery will lead to loss of blood supply to what muscle(s)

Back 39

Rectus capitis posterior major
Oblique capitis inferior
Oblique capitis superior
Rectus capitis posterior minor

Front 40

Attachments of the rectus capitis posterior major are:

Back 40

Spinous process of axis (C2)
Inferior nuchal line

Front 41

Attachments of the oblique capitis superior are:

Back 41

Transverse process of atlas (C1)
Between superior and inferior nuchal lines

Front 42

Attachments of the oblique capitis inferior are:

Back 42

Spinous process of axis (C2)
Transverse process of atlas (C1)

Front 43

Attachments of the rectus capitis posterior minor are:

Back 43

Posterior tubercle of atlas (C1)
Inferior nuchal line

Front 44

What nerve enters from the suboccipital triangle?

Back 44

Suboccipital nerve (Dorsal rami of C1)

Front 45

What nerve lies under or caudal to the oblique capitis inferior muscle?

Back 45

Greater occipital nerve (Dorsal rami of C2)

Front 46

What nerve pierces the trapezius and ends in the skin of the lower occipital region?

Back 46

Third occipital nerve (Dorsal rami of C3)

Front 47

Give the names of the structures 2-6

Back 47

2 - Right Brachiocephalic trunk
3 - Right subclavian artery
4 - Right common carotid artery
5 - Left common carotid artery
6 - Left subclavian artery

Front 48

The common carotid artery divides and becomes:

Back 48

External carotid - occipital artery (supplies neck and face)
Internal carotid artery (supplies brain)

Front 49

The Subclavian artery divides becomes:

Back 49

Vertebral artery
Internal thoracic artery
Thyrocervical artery
Costocervical artery

Front 50

What artery branches from the first part of the subclavian and ascends through the transverse foramina of C6-C1

Back 50

Vertebral Artery

Front 51

The vertebral artery comes from where?

Back 51

First branch of subclavian

Front 52

Describe the path the vertebral artery takes to make the basilar artery

Back 52

Branches off subclavian > ascends transverse foramina > bends 90 degrees above atlas > enters cranial cavity

Front 53

The vertebral artery supplies what and contributes to what?

Back 53

Main supply to the brainstem
Also supplies brain and spinal cord
Contributes to the Circle of Willis

Front 54

Vertebral artery divides into the:

Back 54

anterior spinal artery
posterior spinal artery

Front 55

The iliocostalis, multifidus, and the rotatores attach in these locations and are therefore named:

Back 55

cervicis
thoracis
lumborum

Front 56

the longissimus, spinalis, and semispinalis attach in these location and are therefore named:

Back 56

capitis
cervicis
thoracis

Front 57

The deep and intermediate intrinsic back muscles that are divided into the capitis, cervices, and thoracis are:

Back 57

longissimus
spinalis
semispinalis

Front 58

The deep and intermediate intrinsic back muscles that are divided into the cervices, thoracis, and lumborum are:

Back 58

multifidus
iliocoastalis
rotatores