Chapter 3 (Cells)

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

The smallest living subunit of a multi cellular organism.

Front 2

Cell Membrane

Back 2

the outer boundary of a cell. made of: Phospholipids, Cholesterol, Proteins. Think of PCP.

Front 3

Nucleus

Back 3

Bounded by a double layered nuclear membrane with many pores. (Control Center)

Front 4

Nucleolus

Back 4

A small sphere made of DNA, RNA, and Protein.

Front 5

Flagellum

Back 5

(In sperm) provides mobility for the sperm cell.

Front 6

Microvilli

Back 6

Folds of the cell membrane on the free surface of a cell.

Front 7

Diffusion

Back 7

Movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration (through free energy)

Front 8

Osmosis

Back 8

The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.

Front 9

Golgi apparatus

Back 9

A series of flat membranous sacs, some what a stack of saucers. (Pancakes) carb. Synthesis, packages secretions.

Front 10

Proteasome

Back 10

A barrel shaped organelle made of enzymes that cut protein molecules a part.

Front 11

Phagocytosis

Back 11

A white blood cell engulfing bacteria.

Front 12

Pinocytosis

Back 12

A stationary cell engulfing something.

Front 13

Isotonic

Back 13

A solution with the same salt concentration as cells.

Front 14

Hypotonic

Back 14

A solution with a lower salt concentration in cells. (Low, it's going to grow)

Front 15

Microvilli

Back 15

Folds of the cell membrane that increase the surface of a cell.

Front 16

Hypertonic

Back 16

A solution with a higher salt concentration than in cells. (High, makes it die)

Front 17

Gene

Back 17

The genetic code for 1 protein. Very specific sequence of amino acids.

Front 18

mRNA

Back 18

(Messenger) copies codons, breaks hydrogen bonds, DNA uncoil, attaches to ribosomes.

Front 19

tRNA

Back 19

(Transfer or Translation) contains anticodons which is a triplet complement to codon.

Front 20

Mitosis

Back 20

1 cell with the diploid number of chromosomes, divides into 2 identical cells. (Repair of tissues)

Front 21

Interphase

Back 21

DNA replication takes place.

Front 22

Prophase

Back 22

(1st stage of mitosis) pair of chromatids become visible and the nuclear membrane disappears.

Front 23

Metaphase

Back 23

(2nd stage of mitosis) pair of chromatids line up at the equator.

Front 24

Anaphase

Back 24

(3rd stage of mitosis) separate sets of chromosomes move toward opposite poles.

Front 25

Telophase

Back 25

(4th stage of mitosis) 2 nuclei are reformed. Everything is tight next to the nucleus.

Front 26

Cytoplasm

Back 26

Water within the cells

Front 27

Cytokinesis

Back 27

The division of the cytoplasm of a cell following mitosis. (The whole division)

Front 28

Meiosis

Back 28

The process of the formation of gametes, which are egg and Sperm cells. Each containing a haploid amount (23).

Front 29

Oogenesis

Back 29

Meiosis that takes place in the ovaries.

Front 30

Spermatogenesis

Back 30

Meiosis that takes place in the testes.

Front 31

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 31

Extensive network of membranous tubules extend from the nuclear membrane, to the cell. (No Ribosomes)

Front 32

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 32

Extensive network of membranous tubules extend from the nuclear membrane, to the cell. (Contains Ribosomes)

Front 33

Golgi apparatus

Back 33

A series of flat membranous sacs, some what a stack of saucers. (stack of pancakes)

Front 34

Proteasome

Back 34

A barrel shaped organelle made of enzymes that cut protein molecules a part.

Front 35

Mitochondria

Back 35

Oval or spherical organelles bounded by a double membrane. (Produces ATP) (powerhouse of the cell)

Front 36

Lysosomes

Back 36

Single membrane structures that contain digestive enzymes.

(Pac-Man)

Front 37

Cilia

Back 37

Silly hairs that sweep things across the membrane.