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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
6 examples of connective tissue
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tendons
ligament body fat bones cartilage blood |
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What are the structural components of all connective tissue?
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cells
protein fibers ground substance |
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elastic fibers, collagen, and reticular fibers make up what structural component of CT?
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protein fibers
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a mixture of proteins and carbohydrates with salts make up what structural component of CT?
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ground substance
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What comprise the extracellular matrix? They are produced by the CT____.
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protein fibers
ground substance cells |
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What are the three broad categories of CT?
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CT proper
Supporting CT Fluid CT |
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What are the two cell types of CT proper?
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resident - always present
wandering - may or may not be present |
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What are the three general type of protein fibers of CT proper?
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Callogen
Elastic Reticular |
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Characteristics of callogen fibers
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long, unbranching, strong, flexible, resist stretching, 25% of all protein in body
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Characteristics of elastic fibers
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thin, stretch easily, branching, allow blood vessels to stretch and relax
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Characteristics of reticular fibers
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thin, meshlike, found in organs with lots of space, act as packing material
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Two broad categories of CT proper
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Loose CT
Dense CT |
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Which CT has fewer protein fibers and more ground substance?
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Loose CT
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Whcih CT has more protein fibers and less ground substance?
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Dense CT
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3 types of loose CT
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areolar CT
adipose T reticular CT |
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3 types of dense CT
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dense regular
dense irregular elastic |
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Structure, function and location of areolar CT. Example
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-vascular, gel like
-surrounds and protects tissues and organs, holds tissue fluid, packages nerve and blood vessels -everywhere -white blood cells |
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Structure, function and location of adipose tissue. Example.
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-gel-like matrix, nucleus pushed to one side by fat droplet
-store energy, insulation, support and protect organs -under skin, around kidneys, behind eyeballs, in abdomen and breasts -fat |
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Structure, function and location of reticular CT. Example
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-network of reticular fibers in loos ground substance
- form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) -lymphoid organs -lymph nodes, bone marrow, spleen |
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Structure, function and location of dense regular CT.
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-neatly arranged, poorly vascularized
-attach muscle to bone and bone to bone, withstands great stress in one direction -tendons, ligaments, fascia around muscles |
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Structure, function and location of dense irregular CT.
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-no pattern
-withstand tension/stress, structural strength -dermis of skin, around muscle and organs, fibrous capsules of joints and organs |
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Which CT is primarily parallel collagen fibers?
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dense regular CT
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Which CT is primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers?
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dense irregular CT
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Two types of supporting CT
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cartilage
bone |
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Which supporting CT is avascular
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cartilage
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What are the cells of cartilage called
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chondrocytes
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What are the small spaces occupied by chondracytes called?
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lacuane
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Three type of cartilage
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hyaline
fibrocartilage elastic |
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Which type of cartilage is the weakest?
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hyaline
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Which cartilage is found at the ends of bones that articulate with each other?
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hyaline
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Which cartilage is found in the trachea, larynx, and nose?
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hyaline
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Which cartilage is a shock absorber, and wher can it be found?
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fibrocartilage
intervertebral discs pubic symphysis minisci of knee |
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What contributes to fibrocartilage's durability?
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densly interwoven collagen fibers
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Where is elastic cartilage found?
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epiglottis
external ear |
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What are bone cells called?
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osteocyte
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What is fluid connective tissue comprised of?
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plasma watery ground substance containing protein fibers
erythrocytes - red blood cell leukocytes - white blood cell platelets - blood cell fragments |
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4 types of membranes
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mucous
serous cutaneous synovial membrane |
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What membrane is simple squamous epithelium lying on loose connective tissue?
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serous membrane
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3 types of muscle tissue
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skeletal
smooth cardiac |
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Muscle cells are called ____
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fibers
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List muscle cells in order from longest to shortest.
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skeletal
cardiac smooth |
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Which muscle's function is to move food, blood and sperm, and where is it located?
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smooth
walls of most organs |
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Which muscle's function is to move blood into circulatory system and where is it located?
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cardiac
heart wall |
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Which musles are striated
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skeletal and cardiac
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Which musltes move involuntarily?
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cardiac
smooth |
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What are the gap junctions in cardiac muscle called and what are there function?
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intercalated discs
rapids passage of electrical current from cell to cell |
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Which muscles move voluntarily?
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skeletal
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List muscle type in order of least nuclei to most
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smooth - 1
cardiac - 1-2 skeletal - multinucleated |
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Smooth muscle structure is ____ meaning it is ____
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fusiform
tapered at ends wide at middle |
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Dendrites deal with _____ signals, while axons deal with ____ signals.
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incoming
outgoing |
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Which nerve cell is longer which is shorter?
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dendrite - shorter
axon - longer |
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What are the supporting cells of nervous tissue?
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glial cells
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What is the term for when epithelium adapts or changes to environmental conditions.
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metaplasia
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An increase in the size of existing cells is called ____
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hypertrophy
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An increase in the number of cells in a tissue is called ____.
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hyperplasia
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Out of control growth of tissue, which forms a tumor is called ____
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neoplasia
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A decrease in the size or number of tissue is called ____.
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atrophy
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