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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 elements that make up the bulk of living matter
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hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon
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trace elements
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sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium
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sodium
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carries electrolytes, helps nerves/muscles function
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potassium
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carries electrolytes, helps the heart function, muscles move
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chloride
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carries electrolytes, regulates osmosis, maintains water balance, acidic
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magnesium
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carries electrolytes, regulates reactions in the body (protein synthesis, muscles and nerves, blood pressure)
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interstitial fluid
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bathes and surrounds cells, delivers materials to the cells, removes metabolic waste
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selective permeability
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a substance only lets certain other substances pass through it
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passive transport
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movement of a chemical substance across a cell membrane without expenditure of energy by the cell (ex: diffusion)
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dialysis (simple diffusion)
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smaller dissolved molecules in a solution separate from larger molecules by diffusing thru a semipermeable membrane
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osmosis
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distribution of a liquid w/ low concentration flowing thru a membrane into an area with a higher concentration, making the concentrations equal on both sides
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concentration gradient
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difference in concentration of a solute per unit distance thru a solution
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facilitated diffusion
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passive transport of molecules across a membrane via proteins
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active transport
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movement of molecules across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient (low to high concentration)
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solute pumping
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active transport through protein channel, requires ATP
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exocytosis
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cell directs contents of secretory vesicles out of the cell membrane (active)
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endocytosis
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cell absorbs molecules by engulfing them
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phagocytosis
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engulfing of a solid particle by a phagocyte
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pinocytosis
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mode of endocytosis
small particles are brought into the cell in vesicles, are broken down |
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hypertonic
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greater concentration
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hypotonic
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lesser concentration
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isotonic
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no concentration gradient, equal
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