Anatomy Ch 3

Front 1

The _____ contains enzymes that are associated with protein synthesis.

Back 1

Ribosome

Front 2

The cells in heart muscles are often held together by areas called _______?

Back 2

Gap junctions

Front 3

Hormones come in contact with the ______ molecules in a membrane.

Back 3

Rod-like protein

Front 4

These molecules freely pass through a cell membrane. Oxygen, carbon dioxide, and certain lipids.

Back 4

Amino acids do not

Front 5

A human cell membrane is comprised of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Back 5

Not nucleic acids

Front 6

A cell membrane allows only needed substances to pass and is therefore called ______?

Back 6

Selective

Front 7

A ribosome is an example of a ______?

Back 7

Organelle

Front 8

In the liver, _______ may play a role in producing the enzymes that help detoxify drugs.

Back 8

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Front 9

Faciliated diffusion is the process where a glucose molecule moves through a cell membrane protein carrier from a region of greater concentration to one of lower concentration.

Back 9

Facilitated diffusion

Front 10

The area of the _______ is the part of the nucleus where ribosome production occurs.

Back 10

Nucleolus

Front 11

_______ are organelle that consists of microtubules and function both in distributing chromosomes during cell division and forming portions of cilia and flagella.

Back 11

Centrosome

Front 12

_______ provide both structural support and the enzymes needed to make proteins from amino acid building blocks.

Back 12

Ribosomes

Front 13

The type of proteins that guide cells on the move in the bloodstream to their destination at a wound site are _____ ______ _______.

Back 13

Cell adhesive molecules

Front 14

During hyperplasia cells are dividing at a rapid rate and may progress towards a _______ state.

Back 14

Cancerous

Front 15

Chromosomes are aligned along the equatorial line during the _______ stage of division.

Back 15

Metephase

Front 16

The process that results in daughter cells with half of the original chromosome number is ________.

Back 16

Meiosis

Front 17

The protein actin is found in ________, which results some type of movement or contraction.

Back 17

Microfilaments

Front 18

The _______ is the organelle that plays a complex function in cell reproduction.

Back 18

Centriole

Front 19

The ________ contain enzymes that are used to degrade foreign particles asnwell as cell structures.

Back 19

Lyosomes

Front 20

The inside lining of the digestive tract is lined with cells that are held together by ________ _______.

Back 20

Tight junction

Front 21

The _________ proteins in a membrane function as enzymes.

Back 21

Peripheral

Front 22

_____ ______ _____ are the smallest cells at 7.5 micrometers.

Back 22

Red blood cells

Front 23

The __________ is the source of most of the cellular energy.

Back 23

Mitochondrion

Front 24

Two major parts of a cell are the nucleus and ________?

Back 24

Membrane

Front 25

The ______ ______ functions to package molecules into vesicles that can be transported out of a cell.

Back 25

Golgi apparatus

Front 26

A combination of a sugar with a protein is a _________.

Back 26

Glycoprotein

Front 27

The _______ ______ functions as a sac-like or tubular network of structures that provides transport.

Back 27

Endoplasmic reticulum

Front 28

The cristae are the inner portions of the ________.

Back 28

Mitochondria

Front 29

Catalase is an enzyme, which degrades ________.

Back 29

Hydrogen peroxide

Front 30

The structures that cause fluids and mucus to move across their surface are the _______.

Back 30

Cilia

Front 31

Which one of the human cells does not have a flagellum?

Back 31

A. Sperm
B. Kidneys
C. Intestine *
D. Testes

Front 32

Membranous sacs that contain fluids or particles for transport are called the __________.

Back 32

Vesicles

Front 33

_______ is the term for chemical particles in a cell which appear lifeless and have no obvious function.

Back 33

Inclusion

Front 34

Glycogen, melanin, and lipids are inclusions.

Back 34

Vesicles are not inclusions

Front 35

The movement of particles from higher to lower concentration is termed as ________?

Back 35

Diffusion

Front 36

Increased temp, increased concentration, and shorter distances will increase the rate of diffusion.

Back 36

Increased molecular weight will not increase the rate of diffusion

Front 37

Movement of particles from higher to lower concentrations through a membrane, such as in dialysis, occurs by ________.

Back 37

Diffusion

Front 38

Membranes that have a higher osmotic pressure on one side tend to _______________?

Back 38

Draw water towards that side

Front 39

Hypertonic solutions tend to causes cells to __________?

Back 39

Shrink

Front 40

Normal isotonic sodium chloride solution is ______?

Back 40

0.9%

Front 41

The movement of a salt through a membrane, such as in a kidney, because of pressure differences is called________?

Back 41

Filtration

Front 42

Hydrostatic refers to pressure of _________?

Back 42

The solvent

Front 43

Movement of molecules from low to high concentrations is _________?

Back 43

Active transport

Front 44

In receptor-mediated endocytosis, an LDL particlebof cholesterol is attracted to cells that contain________?

Back 44

Apoprotein-B receptors

Front 45

As a result of mitosis, the number of chromosomes ______________.

Back 45

Is doubled

Front 46

It which stages does the chromosomes number double?

Back 46

Interphase

Front 47

Two chromatids are attached at the _______region?

Back 47

Centromere

Front 48

The centromeres divide during the_________ stagebof mitosis.

Back 48

Anaphase

Front 49

The main division process in the early embryo is _________?

Back 49

Mitosis

Front 50

Cancer cells can disseminate to other areas by a process called ________?

Back 50

Metasis

Front 51

Which channel-blocker medication can be used to treat hypertension or angina pectoris?

Back 51

Calcium

Front 52

What type of cell is a bacterium?

Back 52

Prokaryotic

Front 53

The _________ of a cell is the most critical factor in determining it's function.

Back 53

Shape

Front 54

The ________of the cell directs it's overall activities as well as houses it's genetic material.

Back 54

Nucleus

Front 55

Cells use up to 40% of their daily energy expenditure engaged in what important process?

Back 55

Active transport

Front 56

During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Back 56

S phase

Front 57

Chromosomes align midway between centrioles during what phase of mitosis?

Back 57

Metaphase

Front 58

DNA can be found within chromosomes during division but priornto division DNA exists as long thin _______ strands.

Back 58

Chromatin

Front 59

Which Chemicals on the surface of cells function to attach to and recognize hormones?

Back 59

Proteins

Front 60

The term _______ can be used to imply all the of the chemical reactions within a cell.

Back 60

Metabolism

Front 61

The cristae are structures found within the _______ organelle.

Back 61

Mitochondrion

Front 62

Diffusion, osmosis, and passive transport are (passive) transport processes.

Back 62

Active transport requires energy

Front 63

One mechanism in the skin that prevents cells from becoming loose and separating is the presence of junctions called desmosomes.

Back 63

True

Front 64

A TEM is a device that is used to magnify a cell only about 1,000 times.

Back 64

False

Front 65

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum has a significant function in protein synthesis.

Back 65

False

Front 66

Selectively permeable membranes allow proteins to pass through them.

Back 66

False

Front 67

Lyosomes degrade bacteria and worn cells, and can cause disease by destroying normal tissues.

Back 67

True

Front 68

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical toxic to most cells and is produced by some human cells.

Back 68

True

Front 69

Peroxisomes can play a role in the detoxification of alcohol.

Back 69

True

Front 70

The centrioles are microtubules that play a significant role in ATP and energy production.

Back 70

False

Front 71

The nucleus is an organelle enclosed in a double layer of membrane.

Back 71

True

Front 72

The nucleolus functions mainly in the synthesis of DNA

Back 72

False

Front 73

Chromatin is the term of the loosely coiled appearance of DNA in a non-dividing cell.

Back 73

True

Front 74

In therocess of apoptosis cells shrink and die but the basic structure of the organelles remains constant.

Back 74

False

Front 75

DNA has chemicals that direct metabolic processes as well as reproduction.

Back 75

True

Front 76

At the point of equilibrium, during diffusion, there is no further movement of any molecules.

Back 76

False

Front 77

In general, the rate of diffusion of a molecule is faster in areas of higher temperature.

Back 77

True

Front 78

The sugar added to a water solution is termed the solvent.

Back 78

False

Front 79

During renal dialysis, a type of diffusion, it is possible to remove all of the metabolic waste such as urea from the blood.

Back 79

False

Front 80

Osmosis is the movement of water and can occur through any type of permeable membrane.

Back 80

True