Anatomy Ch 14 Positioning

Front 1

Rad exams of urinary sys are common contrast procedures

Back 1

TRUE

Front 2

What does the urinary sys consist of

Back 2

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra

Front 3

Which 2 parts of the urinary sys lie in retroperitoneal space

Back 3

2 kidneys & ureters

Front 4

Kidneys lie ...

Back 4

Either side of vertebral column and most posterior part of abdominal cavity

Front 5

Which kidneys lies lower and why?

Back 5

RIGHT KIDNEY

Due to the presence of liver

Front 6

What is superior and medial to ea kidney?

Back 6

Suprarenal gland (adrenal)

Located in fatty capsule and part of endocrine sys

Front 7

Ea kidney is connected to single urinary bladder by it's own...

Back 7

Ureter

Front 8

What travels in the ureters

Back 8

Waste material "urine"

Travels from kidney to urinary bladder by ureters

Front 9

Urinary bladder serves as...

Back 9

Reservoir that stores urine until excreted through urethra

Front 10

Latin word for kidney

Back 10

Ren

Renal

Front 11

RIGHT KIDNEY lower to

Back 11

Liver

Front 12

Left kidney lower to

Back 12

Spleen

Front 13

Ribcage form a protective enclosure for what

Back 13

Kidneys

Front 14

Ureters lie ...

Back 14

Anterior to respective kidney

Front 15

Do ureters follow natural curve of spinal column?

Back 15

Yes

Curves anterior --> lumbar lordotic

-->posterior curve

--> sacroccygeal curve

Front 16

What connects the bladder to the exterior

Back 16

Urethra

Urethra exit body below pubis symphysis

Front 17

The entire "blank" posterior or below peritoneum

Back 17

Urinary sys

Front 18

Which structures are retroperitoneal

Back 18

Kidneys and ureters

Front 19

Which structures are infraperitoneal

Back 19

Bladder and urethra

Front 20

How much does kidney weigh

Back 20

Sm 150g

Front 21

Length of kidney

Back 21

10-12 cm

4-5 in

Front 22

Kidney width

Back 22

5-7.5 cm

2-3 in

Front 23

Kidney thickness

Back 23

2.5 cm

1 in

Front 24

Which kidney is longer and narrower

Back 24

Left

Front 25

How many kidneys do you need for normal health

Back 25

1

Failure of both unless corrected leads to death

Front 26

Psoas major muscles cause how much of an angle of the kidneys from MSP SUPINE

Back 26

20 degrees

Muscle grow larger as they profess inferiorly

Front 27

Ehat cayses the kidneys to rotate backwards into retroperitoneal space

Back 27

Psoas major muscles

Medial border of kidney more anterior than lateral border

Front 28

What is normal rotation of kidney

Back 28

30 degrees

Due to large psoas major muscles

Front 29

What muscles are posterior to kidneys

Back 29

Quadratus lumborum muscles

Front 30

Deep muscles in the back

Back 30

Erector spinae muscles

Front 31

LPO shows which kidney parallel to IR

Back 31

Right kidney

Front 32

RPO shows which kidney parallel to IR

Back 32

Left kidney

Front 33

Kidney surrounded by mass of fatty tissue termed

Back 33

Adipose capsule or perirenal fat

Which allows visualization of kidney on normal radiograph

Front 34

Most abdominal radiographs patient is "blank" and taken on "blank"

Back 34

Supine and taken on expiration

Front 35

When patient supine and on expiration:

Where do the kidneys normally lie

Back 35

Halfway b/w xiophoid process and iliac crest

Left kidney 1 cm more superior than right

Front 36

The too of left kidney is at the level of ...

Back 36

T11 -T12

Front 37

Bottom of the right kidney is at the level of ...

Back 37

L3

Front 38

Since kidneys are loosely attached w/in their fatty capsule they tend to...

Back 38

Move up and down w/ movements of diaphragm/positions

Front 39

How much does the kidney drop when inhaling deeply

Back 39

2.5 cm

1 in

Front 40

How much does the kidney drop when standing

Back 40

5 cm

2 in

Or about 1 lumbar vertebra

Front 41

Def: Nephroptosis

Back 41

Kidney drops farther than normal

Very thin and older patients drop into pelvis can cause twisting/kinking

Front 42

What is the primary function of the urinary sys

Back 42

Production of urine and elimination of it from body

Front 43

During urine production the kidneys perform which 3 functions

Back 43

1- remove nitrogenous waste

2- regulate water

3- regulate acid-base balance and electrolyte levels of blood

Front 44

What nitrogenous waste products (2)

During normal metabolism of proteins

Back 44

Urea and creatinine

Front 45

Def: uremia

Back 45

Buildup of nitrogenous waste in blood

Front 46

Large blood vessels for vast quantities of blood flowing through ...

Back 46

Kidneys

Front 47

What percent of blood pumped from heart w/ ea beat passes through kidneys

Back 47

25%

Front 48

Arterial blood received by kidneys directly form

Back 48

Abdominal aorta

Via L/R renal arteries

Renal arteries rebranch into capillaries

Front 49

Most of the blood in kidneys is returned ...

Back 49

Circulatory

Renal veins must be large

Front 50

Renal veins connect directly to...

Back 50

Inferior vena cava

To return blood to right side of heart

Front 51

Renal veins are anterior to

Back 51

Renal arteries

Front 52

Hilum location

Back 52

Medial border of kidney centrally located

A longitudinal fissure

Front 53

Hilum serves as

Back 53

Transmit renal artery, renal vein, lymphatic, nerves, ureters

Front 54

Kidney divdied into upper and lower part called

Back 54

Upper pole

Lower pole

Front 55

Average intake of water in 24 hrs is

Back 55

2.5 liters or 2500mL

Ends up in bloodstream 2.5L

Front 56

How much blood flow through kidney in 60 secs

Back 56

1 L

Which is 180 L filtrate from blood every 24 hrs

Front 57

What % of filtrate vol reabsorbed by kidneys and returned to bloodstream

Back 57

99%

Front 58

Reabsorption process what is regulated

Back 58

Blood pH

Electrolytes *sodium, potassium, chloride

Front 59

Average of amount of urine form

Back 59

1.5 L

1500 mL

*this varies w/ fluid intake, perspiration and other factors

Front 60

What is the outer covering of kidney

Back 60

Renal (fibrous) capsule

Front 61

What does ureters transport and how

Back 61

Urine

Peristaltic waves and gravity

Front 62

Length of ureters

Back 62

28-34 cm

Right ureter shorter than left

Front 63

Ureters pass inferiorly they lie on what

Back 63

Anterior surface of ea psoas major muscle

Front 64

Ureter diameter

Back 64

1mm - 1cm

Front 65

3 most constricted points in ureter

Back 65

Uteropelvic junction (UP) - renal pelvis funnels down into sm ureters

Brim of pelvis - iliac blood vessels cross over ureters

Ureterovesical junction (UV junction)-

Ureter joins bladder

Front 66

Where will a stone most likely tend to hang up?

Back 66

UV junction (uretervesical junction)

If stone passes this junction into bladder may have trouble passing through urethra

Front 67

Musclemembraneous sac serves as reservoir for urine

Back 67

Urinary bladder

Front 68

Shape of bladder when empty

Back 68

Flattened and oval shape

Front 69

Trigone

Back 69

Triangular part of bladder along inner posterior surface

Front 70

What forms the trigone

Back 70

Muscualr area formed by the ebtrabce of 2 ureters from behind and exit site for urethra

Front 71

What is the trigone from my attached to

Back 71

Floor of pelvis

Front 72

The lining of the trigone is ___ and the inner lining of bladder is ____

Back 72

Trigone smooth

Inner bladder has rugae

Front 73

How does the bladder expand when getting filled

Back 73

Upward and forward

Front 74

Male: what is the gland that surrounds proximal urethra

Back 74

Prostate gland

Front 75

Where does the prostate gland lie

Back 75

Inferior to bladder

Front 76

Diameter and height of prostate gland

Back 76

Diameter - 3.8 cm / 1.5 in

Height - 2.5 cm / 1 in

Front 77

Function of prostate

Back 77

Produces fluid that improves motility of sperm during reproduction

Male and female similar internal structure

Front 78

Is it normal for the bladder to have some urine in it

Back 78

YES

Normally bladder has some urine in it

Front 79

At what mL in bladder does need to void arise

Back 79

250 mL

Front 80

mL of total capacity of bladder

Back 80

350-500mL

Front 81

Voiding is voluntary but desire to void may pass

But if pressure rises too high involuntary urination

Back 81

J

Front 82

What does the size, position, functional status of bladder depend on

Back 82

surrounding organs and amount of urine in bladder

Front 83

When pregnant the fetus exerts ___ pressure on bladder

Back 83

Downward

Front 84

Laterally (MSP) how does the female bladder lie

Back 84

Posterior and superior to symphysis pubis

Front 85

Female urethra length and extend from what to what

Back 85

4cm

1 1/2 in

Extends from internal urethral orifice to external urethral orifice

Front 86

Single function of female urethra

Back 86

Passage of urine to exterior

Front 87

Female reproductive organs

Back 87

Ovaries (female gonads)

Uterine tubes

Vagina

Front 88

In both female and male both ureters and kidneys are

Back 88

Retroperitoneal

Front 89

Urinary bladder, urethra, male repro organs are

Back 89

Infraperitoneal

Front 90

Female uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries pass...

Back 90

Pass into peritoneal cavity

Front 91

Male repro organs are ___ of peritoneum

Back 91

Below

And completely separated form organs in peritoneum

Front 92

In Male/female which is a closed sac

Back 92

Male !!

Not in female

Front 93

Male bladder is ___ and ___ to symphysis pubis

Back 93

When empty posterior and superior but when filled above level of symphysis pubis

Front 94

What did she male repro include

Back 94

Testes

Seminal vesicles and relate ducts

Ejaculatory ducts

Ductus deferens "vas deferens"

Penis

Scrotum

Front 95

Male urethra extends from

Back 95

Internal urethral orifice to external urethral orifice

Front 96

Male urethra length

Back 96

17.5 20 cm

Front 97

2 functions of male urethra

Back 97

1 eliminate urine

2 passageway for semen