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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 main types of blood vessels? |
1. Veins 2. Arteries 3. Capillaries |
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What do arteries do? |
Carry blood away from the heart
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What are veins? |
Blood vessels which carry blood to the heart. |
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What are capillaries? |
Microscopic blood vessel connections |
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Deoxygenated blood does not necessarily have no oxygen, just a lot less then how it started out. |
Note |
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Pressure of veins vs. arteries are dramatically different which will reflect function. |
Note |
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What are the three layers of a blood vessel? |
1. Tunica Interna 2. Tunica Media 3. Tunica Externa
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Which layer is the deepest coat of a blood vessel? |
Tunica Interna |
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What is the middle coat of a blood vessel called? |
Tunica Media |
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What is the outer most coat of a blood vessel? |
Tunica Externa |
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What is another name for the tunica interna? |
intima |
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What is another name for the tunica external? |
adventitia |
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Where is the endothelium of a blood vessel located? |
tunica interna (intima) |
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What is the composition of the endothelium within the tunica interna? |
- continuous layer of cells throughout system - simple squamous epithelium - layer in contact with the blood |
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What are the functions of the tunica interna? |
- Selectively permeable barrier - Secretion of chemicals - Repels blood cells and platelets - Inflammation |
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What is the composition of the tunica media? |
- smooth muscle, elastic tissue, collagen - amount of SM varies |
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What are the functions of the tunica media? |
- Strengthen vessels/prevent rupture - Vasomotion - Vasoconstriction - Vasodilation - Regulated by the sympathetic nervous system |
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What is the composition of the tunica externa? |
- Loose connective tissue |
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What are the functions of the tunica externa? |
- Protects and anchors vessel - Passage for nerve/lymphatic vessels - Vaso Vasorum - Supplies blood to outer wall of larger vessels |
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What are arteries designed for? |
They are designed to withstand surges of pressure. |
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Do arteries have smooth muscle? |
Yes |
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What are the 3 categories of arteries? |
1. Conducting arteries 2. Distributing arteries 3. Resistance arteries |
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What are the characteristics of conducting arteries? |
- Elastic and large |
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What are the characteristics of distributing arteries? |
- Muscular and medium |
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What are the characteristics of resistance arteries? |
- Arterioles and small |
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Which arteries have the largest diameter? |
conducting arteries |
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Which artery has an elastic tunica media? |
conducting artery |
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What are some examples of conducting arteries? |
- aorta - pulmonary trunk - common carotid - subclavian - common iliac |
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What are the functions of conducting arteries? |
- Reduce the effects of BP surges - Expand during systole - Recoil during diastole * maintains blood flow |
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Where do conducting arteries conduct blood from and to? |
From the heart and to the medium sized muscular distributing arteries. |
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What is the function of distributing arteries? |
- Conduct blood from conducting arteries to specific organs and adjust flow based on demand. |
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5 Liters of blood in the body = avg. cardiac output
*still not enough to diffuse all organs and tissues simultaneously |
This is why distributing arteries are important. They adjust the blood flow based on demand though vasoconstriction and vasodilation. |
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What are some characteristics of resistance arteries? |
- SM layers variable - Little elastic tissue - Arterioles
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What is the function of resistance arteries? |
- Primary control of blood flow - Most responsible for PR (peripheral resistance) - Significantly affect BP |
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What are the smallest blood vessels? |
Capillaries |
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What are some physical characteristics of capillaries? |
- Smallest blood vessels - single layer of ECs - Small lumen |
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What is the function of capillaries? |
- Exchange of materials - Close proximity to cells |
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What are the three types of capillaries? |
1. Continuous 2. Fenestrated 3. Sinusoid |
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What is the most common kind of capillary? |
- continuous capillary |
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Where are countinous capillaries present? |
Most tissues - Skeletal and muscle tissue |
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What are the characteristics of a notions capillary? |
- Tight junctions hold ECs together - Intracellular clefts - Pericytes |
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What is the importance of intracellular clefts within continuous capillaries? |
- Small molecules pass through - glucose - Large molecules held back - plasma proteins and formed elements
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What are pericytes? |
Contractile proteins |
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What are the characteristics of festinated capillaries? |
ECs with filtration pores - Greater permeability - Rapid passage - No formed elements |
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What are some examples of places with fenestrated capillaries? |
- Kidneys - Endocrine glands - small intestine - choroid plexus |
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What are the characteristics of sinusoid capillaries? |
- Discontinuous - Irregular, blood filled spaces - ECs with large fenestrations - Formed elements pass |
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What are some examples of places with fenestrated capillaries? |
- Liver - Bone Marrow - Spleen |
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What are capillary beds? |
Networks of capillaries for the exchange of materials |
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What is microcirculation? |
Exchange of blood flow between veins and arteries within a capillary bed. |
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Not all blood is perfused within a capillary bed, it could pass directly though the thoroughfare channel. |
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Exchange of materials will only take place when blood is passed through capillaries. It will not take place when blood is shunted through arterioles to venuoles. |
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