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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are veins? |
Carries blood back to heart |
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What are arteries? |
Carries blood away from heart |
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What are capillaries? |
Connect smallest arteries to smallest veins |
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What are the three layers of arteries and veins? |
1. Tunica interna (inner) 2. Tunica media (medium) 3. Tunica externa (outer) |
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Name the four sizes of arteries |
-Conducting arteries -Distributing arteries -Resistance arteries -Metarerioles |
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Describe Conducting arteries |
-Biggest arteries -Has a layer of elastic tissue |
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Describe distributing arteries |
-Distributes blood to specific organs -Brachial, femoral, renal, and splenic arteries |
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Describe Resistance arteries |
- smallest arteries -Controls amount of blood to various organs |
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Describe Metarterioles |
-Short vessels that link arterioles to capillaries -Divert blood to other tissues |
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What are Arterial Sense Organs? |
Transmitinformation to brainstem to regulate heart rate, blood vessel diameter, andrespiration |
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What are Carotid sinuses (baroreceptors)? |
Monitor blood pressure |
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What are Carotid bodies (chemoreceptors)? |
Monitor blood chemistry |
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What are Aortic bodies (chemoreceptors)? |
-One to three bodies in walls of aorticarch |
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What are the three types of capillaries? |
1. Continuous capillaries 2. Fenestrated capillaries 3. Sinusoids (discontinuous capillaries) |
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What are continuous capillaries? |
- Occur in most tissues -Contract and regulates blood flow |
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What are Fenestrated capillaries? |
-Kidneys, small intestine -Allow passage of only small molecules |
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What are Sinusoids? |
-Liver, bone marrow, and spleen -Allow proteins, clotting factors, and new blood cells to enter the circulation |
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What are capillary beds? |
-10-100 capillaries -Usually supplied by a single arteriole or metarteriole |
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What are post capillary venules? |
-Smallest veins -Evenmore porous than capillaries so also exchange fluid with surrounding tissues |
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What are Muscular venules? |
-Up to 1mm in diameter -Has 1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media |
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What are Medium veins? |
-Up to 10mm in diameter |
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What are Venous sinuses? |
-Veins with especially thin walls, large lumens, and no smooth muscle |
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What are large veins? |
-Smooth muscle in all three tunics -Tunica externa is thickest layer |
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What is the most common route of blood circulation? |
Heart to arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins |
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What is the portal system? |
Blood flows through two consecutive capillary networks before returning to heart |
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What is Anastomosis? |
Convergence point between two vessels other than capillaries |
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What is arteriovenous anastomosis? |
Artery flows directly into vein, bypassing capillaries |
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What is Venous Anastomosis? |
-Most common -One vein empties directly into another |
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What is Arterial anastomosis? |
-Two arteries merge -Provides collateral routes of blood supply to a tissue |
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What is capillary exchange? |
2 way movement of fluid across capillary walls |
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What are three ways to pass through the capillary wall? |
1. Endothelial cell cytoplasm 2. Endothelial cells 3. Filtration pores |
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What is Diffusion? |
-Glucose and oxygen diffuse out the blood -Carbon dioxide diffuse into the blood |
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What does the blood vessel in the brain do? |
Brain regulates its own flow to match changes in blood pressure and chemistry |
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What does the blood vessel in the lungs do? |
Flow stronger, more time for gas exchange |
