Anatomy And Physiology Semester Exam

Front 1

Homeostasis

Back 1

Maintenance of a stable internal environment

Front 2

Organelle

Back 2

Functional working units of a cell

Front 3

Anatomy

Back 3

Deals with the structure of the body and it's parts; in other words, what are they called?

Front 4

Physiology

Back 4

Studies the functions of the body parts and how they work

Front 5

Parietal

Back 5

Lines the body cavity or wall

Front 6

Pericardial

Back 6

Heart

Front 7

Respiratuon

Back 7

Use of oxygen and removal of CO2

Front 8

Assimilation

Back 8

Changing nutrients into chemically different forms

Front 9

Organism

Back 9

Any individual living thing

Front 10

Appendicular

Back 10

Your upper and lower limbs

Front 11

Excretion

Back 11

The removal of metabolic wastes

Front 12

Reproduction

Back 12

The creation of new organisms or cells

Front 13

Pleura

Back 13

Lungs

Front 14

Metabolism

Back 14

Any basic process of organic functioning or operating

Front 15

Digrstio

Back 15

Breakdown of food

Front 16

Circulation

Back 16

Movement within body fluids

Front 17

Axial

Back 17

Includes your head, neck, and trunk

Front 18

Absorption

Back 18

Movement of substances through membranes and into fluids

Front 19

Visceral

Back 19

Attaches to organs in ventral cavity

Front 20

Thoracic

Back 20

Heart, lungs, trachea

Front 21

Adipose tissue

Back 21

Loose connective tissue designed to store fat

Front 22

Matrix

Back 22

Intracellular material

Front 23

Striations

Back 23

Long and dark crossmarkings on the treadlike cells of skeletal muscle

Front 24

Ligaments

Back 24

Cords or sheets of connective tissue binding two or more bones to a joint

Front 25

Tendons

Back 25

Cordlike or bandlike masses of white fibrous connective tissue that connects muscles to bones

Front 26

Tissue

Back 26

Groups of similar cells that perform a specialized function

Front 27

Muscle tissue

Back 27

Contraction tissue consisting of filaments of actin and myosin, which slides past each other, shortening cells

Front 28

Nervous tissue

Back 28

Neurons and neuroglia

Front 29

Goblet cells

Back 29

An epithelial cell specialized to secrete mucus in the respiratory tract and intestines

Front 30

Osteocytes

Back 30

Mature bone cells

Front 31

Neuroglia

Back 31

Special cells of the nervous system that produce myelin, communicate between cells

Front 32

Osteon

Back 32

The fundamental functional unit of much compact bone

Front 33

Neuron

Back 33

Nerve cells

Front 34

Macrophage

Back 34

Cells that function as scavenger cells and defend against infection

Front 35

Cartilage

Back 35

Rigid connective tissue that provides a supportive framework for various structures

Front 36

Chondrocyte

Back 36

A cell that has secreted the metric of cartilage and become embedded in it

Front 37

Connective tissue

Back 37

Bind, protect against infection, repair tissue damage

Front 38

Epithelial tissue

Back 38

Covers organs, throughout body, lines body surfaces

Front 39

Fibroblast

Back 39

The most common cell type, is a fixed, star-shaped cell that secretes fibers and is a large in size

Front 40

Periosteum

Back 40

Fibrous connective tissue covering on the surface of a bone

Front 41

Joint

Back 41

The union of two or more bones; articulation

Front 42

Ossification

Back 42

The formation of bone tissue

Front 43

Bone marrow

Back 43

Connective tissues in spaces in bones that includes blood forming stem and progenitor cells

Front 44

Haversian canal (central canals)

Back 44

Tiny channel in bone tissue that houses a blood vessel; tube in spinal cord that is continuous w/ brain ventricles and contains cerebrospinal fluid

Front 45

Osteocyte

Back 45

Once osteoblasts deposit bone around themselves, they're called ____________

Front 46

Arthritis

Back 46

Inflammation of a joint

Front 47

Spongey bone

Back 47

Bone that consists of bars and plates separated by irregular spaces; concellous bone

Front 48

Compact bone

Back 48

Sense tissue in which cells are organized in osteons with no spaces

Front 49

Hemoglobin

Back 49

Oxygen-carrying pigment in red blood cells

Front 50

Osteon

Back 50

A cylinder-shaped unit including bone cells that surround a central canal

Front 51

Epiphyseal plate

Back 51

Cartilaginous later between the epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone that gross, lengthening the bone

Front 52

Diaphysis

Back 52

The shaft of a long bone

Front 53

Epiphysis

Back 53

The end of a long bone

Front 54

Muscle tone

Back 54

The internal state of muscle fiber tension within individual muscles and muscle groups

Front 55

Myofibril

Back 55

Contractile fiber in muscle cells

Front 56

Twitch

Back 56

A brief contraction of a muscle fiber followed by relaxation

Front 57

Actin

Back 57

A protein that forms filaments that slide between filaments of the protein myosin, contracting muscle tone

Front 58

Cross bridge

Back 58

Attaches to the binding site in the actin filament and bends, pulling on the actin filament

Front 59

Myoglobin

Back 59

A pigmented protein in muscle that carries oxygen

Front 60

Acetylcholinesterase

Back 60

An enzyme that catalyzes breakdown of acetylcholine

Front 61

Recruitment

Back 61

Increase in the number of motor units that are activated as stimulation intensify increases

Front 62

Origin

Back 62

The end of a muscle that attaches to a relatively immovable part

Front 63

Insertion

Back 63

The end of a muscle attaches to a movable part

Front 64

Peristalis

Back 64

Rhythmic waves of muscular contraction in the walls of certain tubular organs

Front 65

Myosin

Back 65

A protein that, with actin, forms the filaments that contract muscle fibers

Front 66

Sacromeres

Back 66

The structural and functional units of a myofibril

Front 67

Neuromuscular junction

Back 67

Synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber

Front 68

Fascia

Back 68

A sheet of fibrous connective tissue that encloses a muscle

Front 69

Creatine phosphate

Back 69

A biochemical that stores energy in muscle tissue

Front 70

Oxygen debt

Back 70

The amount of oxygen required after physical exercise to convert accumulated lactic acid to glucose

Front 71

Acetylcholine

Back 71

A type of neurotransmitter, which is a biochemical secreted at axon ends of many neurons; transmits nerve messages across synapses

Front 72

Nervous System

Back 72

composed of neurons and neuroglia, provides sensory integrative and motor functions to the body

Front 73

Neuron

Back 73

transmits nerve impulses along nerve fibers to other neurons, split into 3 parts, the cell body, axons, and dendrites

Front 74

Sensory Neuron

Back 74

Neurons that transmit impulses from receptors to the central nervous system

Front 75

Sensory Receptor

Back 75

Receives information from external environment found in sense organs

Front 76

Mylein

Back 76

Fatty material that forms a sheathlike covering around some axons

Front 77

Cell body

Back 77

integrates into from sensory into motor, main part of a cell holding the nucleus

Front 78

Dendrite

Back 78

Recieve impulses from other neurons

Front 79

Axon

Back 79

sends impulses to other neurons

Front 80

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Back 80

The brain and the spinal cord