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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neuron |
a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell |
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Neuroglia |
supporting and binding structure of the nervous system; made of astrocytes, oligodendricytes, and microglia |
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Central Nervous System (CNS) |
the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body; consists of the brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
The nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord |
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Afferent Neurons |
a neuron conducting impulses inward toward the brain and spinal cord; pseudounipolar with no dendrites |
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Efferent neurons |
neuron conducting impulses outward from the brain and spinal cord; convey nerve impulses to an effector |
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Axon |
the long threadlike part of the nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells |
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Dendrite |
a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body |
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interneuron |
a neuron transmits impulses between other neurons, especially as part of a reflex arc |
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myelin |
a mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which impulses are conducted |
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Peripheral Nerve |
a macroscopic cordlike structure of the body, comprising of a collection of nerve fibers |
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epineurium |
outermost level of dense irregular connective tissues surrounding a peripheral nerve |
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perineurium |
the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle (a fascicle) of nerve fibers within a nerve |
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endoneurium |
layer of delicate connective tissue around the myelin sheath of each mylinated nerve fiber |
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Nerve Fiber |
the axon of a neuron |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid |
clear watery fluid that fills the space between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater |
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Olidodendrocyte |
a glial cell similar to an astrocyte, but with fewer protuberances, concerned with the production of myelin in the central nervous system |
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astrocyte |
a star shaped glial cell of the central nervous system |
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Microglia |
glial cells derived from the mesoderm that function as a microphages in the central nervous system |
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Amphicyte |
one of the cells located around the bodies of the cerebrospinal and sympathetic ganglionic neurons |
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plexus |
a network of nerves and vessels in the body |
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Withdrawl Reflex |
Spinal reflex intended to protect the body of dangerous stimuli; polysynaptic |
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Somatic Reflex |
Responsible for voluntary movement in a reflex arc |
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Visceral Reflex |
Reflex mediated by autonomic nerves and intiated in the viscera |
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Monosynaptic Reflex |
There is a prescence of a single chemical synapse; one sensory neuron and one motor neuron |
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Polysynaptic reflex |
Sensory neuron to motor neuron via a connecting neuron (interneuron) |
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Stretch Reflex |
muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle |
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Crossed extensor reflex |
Withdrawal reflex; flexors in the withdrawing limb contract and the extensors relax while the opposite occurs in the other limb |
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Ipsilateral |
Occurring on the same side of the body |
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Contralateral |
Occurring on opposite sides of the body |
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Cranial Nerve Olfactory |
I, special sensory |
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Optic |
II, Special Sensory |
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Oculomotor |
III, Motor |
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Trochlear |
IV, motor |
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Trigeminal |
V, Mixed |
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Abduscens |
VI, Motor |
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Facial |
VII, Mixed |
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Vestibulocochlear |
VIII, Special Sensory |
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Glassopharyngeal |
IX, Mixed |
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Vagus |
X, Mixed |
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Accessory |
XI, motor |
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Hypoglossal |
XII, motor |
