Anatomy And Physiology: Connective Tissue

Front 1

connective tissue types

Back 1

Connective tissue proper
Bone
Cartilage
Vascular

Front 2

Connective Tissue: common characteristics

Back 2

Extensive intercellular matrix: more material between the cells than the cells.
- Come from same embryonic source known as mesenchyme, a type of embryonic tissue

Front 3

Connective Tissue Proper
(location)

Back 3

Located all over body;
underlies all epithelium
surrounds all muscles
lies within muscles
connects muscle fibers together
surrounds blood vessels
surrounds nerves outside of the CNS
surrounds and penatrates all glands

Front 4

Connective Tissue Proper
(Functions)

Back 4

• support and bind tissues together
• Convey body fluids: solutions outside of the cells in between cells which is held by connective proper
• Defense : protect the body from foreign agents, if being invaded by foreign agents, if can be fought in connective tissue proper it will minimize impact doesn’t reach cells.

Front 5

Loose Connective Tissue Proper

Back 5

Most Abundant type of connective tissue proper

made up of various components

Front 6

Loose Connective Tissue Proper
(structures for support)

Back 6

Callogen fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers
Fibroblasts

Front 7

Collagen fibers

Back 7

to keep loose connective tissue from being pulled apart

Front 8

Reticular Fibers

Back 8

lie along structures that pass through loose connective tissue proper, support structures that pass through

Front 9

Elastic fibers

Back 9

Can be stretched and go back to original shape after being stretched

Front 10

Loose Connective Tissue Proper
(structures used to convey body fluids)

Back 10

Ground substance

Front 11

Loose Connective Tissue Proper
(structures used for defense)

Back 11

Histiocytes
plasma Cells
mast Cells easinphils
neutrophils

Front 12

Plasma cells

Back 12

chemical markings identify whats part of the body – plasma cells destroy cells that don’t belong

Front 13

- Mast cells

Back 13

produce and secreate heparin and histamine.
• Heparin prevents blood clotting
• Histamines: increase permiablility of capillary- more fluid passes through capillary by diffusion allows affected area to accumulate fluid becomes enflame. Easier to defend itself to defend against dilute bacterial affection allowing it to spread out.

Front 14

Eosinophils

Back 14

white blood cells normally in circulatory system when something occurs leaves system.

Front 15

Neutrophils

Back 15

phagocytise bacterial and digest them. Accumulate dead neutrophills which is puss

Front 16

Dense Connective Tissue Proper

Back 16

Has more Collegen Fibers than loose connective tissue.

in areas that undergo a lot of tension

Front 17

Irregular Dense Connective Tissue Proper

Back 17

Oriented in different angles because tension can come from all sides

Front 18

Fatty Connective Tissue Proper

Back 18

Adipose Tissue - fat cells

Front 19

Cartilage and Bone

Back 19

Both made to bear weight
Firm intercellular matrix - mix of inorganic compounds
Cartilage - more flexible
Bone - stronger

Front 20

Cartilage

Back 20

Firm intercellular matrix
Chondrocytes
lacunae
perichondrium
avascular
no nerves

Front 21

Hyaline Cartilage

Back 21

Most common type of cartalige
most is replaced by the time adulthood is reached

Front 22

Elastic Cartilage

Back 22

Elastic Fibers make matrix more stretchy

Front 23

Fibrocartilage

Back 23

Caused by an increase in collagen fibers. in high shock areas such as in between vertabras

Front 24

Bone

Back 24

Composed of 65% inorganic crystals
35% organic material
is avascular and richly integrated with nervous system

Front 25

Bone
(Gross Structure)

Back 25

Compact bone
Spongy Bone
Articular Cartilage
Medullary cavity
Periosteum
Endosteum

Front 26

Bone
(microscopic structures)

Back 26

Osteocytes
lacunae
canaliculi
osteoblasts
osteoclasts

Front 27

Osteocytes

Back 27

in lacunae types of cells in bone

Front 28

Lacunae

Back 28

space that osteocytes occupy

Front 29

Canaliculi

Back 29

channels by wich osteocytes communicate with each other

Front 30

Osteoblasts

Back 30

Bone destroying cells found on the surface of the bone absorbing and thinning out the bone matrix

Front 31

Osteoclasts

Back 31

bone forming cells found on the surface of the bone. Secreting bone matrix

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Ossification

Back 32

Formation of Bone

Front 33

Intramembranous Ossification

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formation of membrane bone from mesenchyme
this process is called woven bone

Front 34

Endochondral Ossification

Back 34

Most common form of bone development

Mesochyme to highbeam cartilage
Mesenchyme will start by forming a model of bone
Pareychondriam change to make peryosteum in center of bone
Peryosteum is associated with osteoblasts
Digest away collar center is hollowed out which is then invaded by the vascular system
Medulary cavity is embedded with vascular system.
Circulatory system bringsin osteobasts to the inside by vascular system
Epithesial plate only lasts till puberty

Front 35

Zone of Cartilage Deposit

Back 35

deposition cartilage added to side towards epthesis

Front 36

Zone of Calcification

Back 36

: mineralizing cartilage converting it to bone

Front 37

Zone of Erosion

Back 37

: osteoclasts are eroding away

Front 38

Vascular Tissue
(formed Elements)

Back 38

Erythrocytes
Leucocytes
Thrombocytes

Front 39

Erythrocytes

Back 39

blood cells, not true cells because they lack a nucleus

Front 40

Leucocytes

Back 40

true cells, are the white blood cells: involved in the bodies defense

Front 41

Thrombocytes

Back 41

not true cells, fragments of cells: are involved in clots