Anatomy And Physiology Chapter 1 Of Saladin 5Th Edition

Front 1

Abdominal Cavity

Back 1

The body cavity between the diaphragm and pelivic brim.

Front 2

Celiac

Back 2

Pertaining to the abdomen.

Front 3

Anatomical Position

Back 3

A reference posture that allows for standardized anatomical terminology.

A subject in anatomical position is standing with feet flat on the floor and slightly apart, arms down to the sides, and the palms and eyes directed forward.

Front 4

Lateral

Back 4

Away from the midline of an organ or midsagittal plane of the body. Toward the side.

Compare medial

Front 5

Midsagittal Plane

Back 5

The plane that divides the body into equal right and left halves.

Front 6

Appendicular

Back 6

Pertaining to the extremeties and their supporting skeletal girdles.

Front 7

Organ

Back 7

Any anatomical structure that is composed of at least 2 tissue types, had recognizable structural boundries, and has a discrete function different from the structures around it.

Many organs are microscopic and many organs contain smaller organs, such as the skin containing numerous microscopic sense organs.

Front 8

Crural

Back 8

Pertaining to the leg proper or to the crus of an organ.

Front 9

Parietal

Back 9

Pertaining to a wall, as in the parietal sells of the gastric glands and the parietal bone of the skull.

Front 10

Physiology

Back 10

The functional processes of the body

Front 11

Evolution

Back 11

A change in the relative frequencies of alleles in a population over a perious of time.

The mechanism that produces adaptations in human form and function.

Front 12

Proximal

Back 12

Relatively near a point of origin or attachment

Ex: the shoulder is proximal to the elbow

Compare to distal

Front 13

Receptor

Back 13

A cell or organ specialized to detect a stimulus, such as a taste cell or the eye.

Front 14

Serous Membrane

Back 14

A membrane that lines a body cavity or covers the external surfaces of the viscera. Composed of a simple squamous mesothelium and a thin layer of areolar connective tissue.

Ex: the peritoneum, pleura, or pericardium

Front 15

Bipedalism

Back 15

The habit of walking on two legs

Defining characteristic of the family hominidae that underlies many skeletal and other characteristics of humans.

Front 16

Adaptation

Back 16

An evolutionary process leading to the establishment of species characteristics that favor survival and reproduction.

Front 17

Peritoneum

Back 17

A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen and covers the mesenteries and viscera.

Front 18

Central

Back 18

Located relatively close to the body. Opposite of peripheral

Ex: Central Nervous System

Front 19

Negative Feedback

Back 19

A self-corrective mechanism that underlies most homeostasis, in which a bodily change is detected and responses are activated that reverse the change.

Front 20

Cell

Back 20

The smallest subdivision of a tissue considered to be alive. Consists of a plasma membrane enclosing cytoplasm and, in most cases, a nucleus.

Front 21

Cytology

Back 21

The study of cell structure and function.

Front 22

Differentiation

Back 22

Development of a relatively unspecialized cell into one with a more specific structure and function.

Front 23

Dynamic Equilibrium

Back 23

A state of contiual change that is controlled within narrow limits.

Ex: Homeostasis and chemical equilibrium

Front 24

Axial

Back 24

Pertaining to the head, neck, and trunk. The part of the body excluding the appendiculat portion.

Front 25

Peripheral

Back 25

Away from the center of the body or of an organ.

Ex: Peripheral vision and peripheral blood vessels

Front 26

Position Emission Tomography (PET)

Back 26

A method of producing a computerized image of the physiological state of a tissue using injected radioisotopes that emit positrons.

Front 27

Sagittal Plane

Back 27

Any plane that extends from ventral to dorsal and cephalic to caudal, dividing the body into right and left portions.

Compare midsagittal plane

Front 28

Peritoneum

Back 28

A serous membrane that lines the peritoneal cavity of the abdomen and covers the mesenteries and viscera.

Front 29

Hypothesis

Back 29

An informed conjecture about a phenomenon that is capable of being tested and potentially falsifies by experimentation or data collection.

Front 30

In Situ

Back 30

In the normal anatomical location.

Front 31

Pleura

Back 31

A double-walled serous membrane that encloses each lung.

Front 32

Superficial

Back 32

Relatively close to the surface. Opposite of deep.

Ex: the ribs are superficial to the lungs

Front 33

Trunk

Back 33

That part of the body excluding the head, neck, and appendages.

Front 34

Theory

Back 34

An explanatory statement, or set of statements, that concisely summarizes the state of knowledge on a phenomenon and provides direction for further study.

Ex: The fluid mosaic theory of the plasma membrane and the sliding filament theory of mescle contraction.

Front 35

Vasodialation

Back 35

The widening of a blood vessel due to relaxation of the muscle of its tunica media and the outward pressure of the blood exerted against the wall.

Front 36

Viscera

Back 36

The organs contained in the dorsal and ventral body cavities, such as the brain, heart, lungs, stomach, intestines, and kidneys.

Front 37

X Ray

Back 37

A high-energy, penetrating electromagnetic ray with wavelengths in the range of 0.1 to 10 nm.

Used in diagnosis and therapy

Front 38

Vasoconstriction

Back 38

The narrowing of a blood vessel due to muscular constriction of its tunica media.

Front 39

Crus

Back 39

The leg proper.

The region from the knee to the ankle.

Front 40

Mediastinum

Back 40

The thick medial partition of the thoracic cavity that separates one pleural cavity from the other and contains the heart, great blood vessels, and the thymus.

Front 41

Anatomy

Back 41

Structure of the body.

Front 42

Mesentery

Back 42

A serous membrane that binds the intestines together and suspends the from the abdominal wall. The visceral continuation of the peritoneum.

Front 43

Computerized Tomography

Back 43

A method of medical imaging that uses Xrays and a computer to create an image of a thin section of the body.

Front 44

Inguinal

Back 44

Pertaining to the groin.

Front 45

Frontal Plane

Back 45

An anatomical plane that passes through the body or an organ from right to left and superior to inferior.

Also called a coronal plane.

Front 46

Antebrachium

Back 46

The region from elbow to wrist. The forearm.

Front 47

Deep

Back 47

Relatively far from the body surface. Opposite of superficial.

Ex: the bones are deep to the skeletal muscles.

Front 48

Body

Back 48

The entire organism.

Front 49

Human

Back 49

Any species of primate classified in the family hominidae, characterized by bipedal locomotion, relatively large brains, and usually articulate speech.

Currently represented only by homo sapiens, but including extinct species of homo and australopithecus.

Front 50

Stimulus

Back 50

A chemical or physical agent in a cell's surroundings that is capable of creating a physiological repsonse in the cell.

Especially agents detected by sensory cells, such as chemicals, light, and pressure.