Anatomy And Physiology

Front 1

What are the photo receptor cells in the retina called?

Back 1

Rod's and cones.

Front 2

Clear watery fluid in the anterior segment of the eye that provides nutrients for the lens and cornea is known as?

Back 2

Aqueous humour.

Front 3

Cells in the retina store a vitamin that is required for vision, what is it?

Back 3

Vitamin A.

Front 4

What is the condition called when there is a lack of all three cone types in the retina?

Back 4

Colour blindness.

Front 5

Located above the end of each eye and continually release tears onto the eyeball.

Back 5

Lacrimal glands.

Front 6

Clear outermost layer that creates the window through which light enters the eye.

Back 6

Cornea.

Front 7

Coloured part of the eye that has muscles that control the dilation of the pupil.

Back 7

Iris.

Front 8

Flexible biconcave disc that focuses light entering the eye onto the retina.

Back 8

Lens.

Front 9

Nerve impulses leaving the retina are transmitted along this to the optic cortex.

Back 9

Optic nerve.

Front 10

White outermost connective tissue that forms the outermost layer of the eyeball.

Back 10

Sclera.

Front 11

Name the parts of the external ear.

Back 11

Pina, auditory canal, tympanic membrane.

Front 12

The hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located where?

Back 12

organ of courte.

Front 13

How many small bones does the middle ear have to transmit vibrations to the middle ear?

Back 13

Three.

Front 14

Transmit vibratory motion of the eardrum to the fluids of the inner ear.

Back 14

Auditory ossicles.

Front 15

Runs downward to link the middle ear cavity with the throat.

Back 15

Pharyngotympanic tube.

Front 16

Equilibrium receptors of the inner ear that respond to head movements.

Back 16

Vestibular apparatus.

Front 17

Soundwaves entering the auditory canal hit this and cause it to vibrate.

Back 17

Tympanic membrane.

Front 18

Spiral shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth responsible for hearing.

Back 18

Cochlea.

Front 19

Location of dynamic equilibrium receptors that respond to angular or rotary movements of the head.

Back 19

Semicircular canals.

Front 20

Taste bud cells are often damaged and as a result are replaced. How often does this occur?

Back 20

7 to 10 days.

Front 21

Where in the oral cavity are the olfactory receptors located?

Back 21

Roof of the nasal cavity

Front 22

Olfactory receptor cells are responsible for what?

Back 22

Sense of smell.

Front 23

Taste and smell receptors are both what kind of receptors?

Back 23

Chemoreceptors.

Front 24

Name the four basic taste sensations?

Back 24

Sweet, sour, salty and umami.

Front 25

Where are the taste receptors found?

Back 25

Papillae of the tongue.

Front 26

The specific cells that respond to chemicals dissolved in the saliva that carry taste impulses are known as?

Back 26

Gustatory cells.

Front 27

Sensation of spinning and loss of balance.

Back 27

Vertigo.

Front 28

Hardening and clouding of the lens due to age and disease.

Back 28

Cataract.

Front 29

Inflammation of the middle ear.

Back 29

Otitis media.

Front 30

Loss of smell and taste.

Back 30

Anosmia.

Front 31

The term central nervous system refers to the?

Back 31

Brain and spinal cord.

Front 32

The functional junction between neurons that allows transmission of nerve impulses is the?

Back 32

Synaptic cleft.

Front 33

The neuron processes that normally receive incoming stimuli are called?

Back 33

Dendrites.

Front 34

A neuron with a cell body located in the central nervous system whose primary function is connecting other neurons is called a?

Back 34

Association neuron.

Front 35

Impulse conduction is fastest in neurons that are?

Back 35

Myelinated.

Front 36

An action potential is?

Back 36

A nerve impulse transition.

Front 37

The substance that is released to allow a nerve impulse to cross the synaptic gap is called?

Back 37

Neurotransmitter.

Front 38

The part of the neuron that is damaged with multiple sclerosis causing a disruption in nerve transmissions is?

Back 38

Myelin sheath.

Front 39

What is the hypothalamus responsible for?

Back 39

Regulating temperature.

Front 40

What is the watery fluid called that protects the brain and spinal cord?

Back 40

Cerebral fluid.

Front 41

Neurons that carry impulses from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system are?

Back 41

Sensory/afferent neurons.

Front 42

The defence system that protects the brain from chemical changes affecting the body?

Back 42

Blood brain barrier.

Front 43

Speech, memory, emotion and voluntary movement are all functions of the?

Back 43

Cerebral cortex.

Front 44

POTASSIUM IONS - SODIUM IONS - DEPOLARIZATION - REPOLARIZATION - GRADED POTENTIAL

_____ diffuse rapidly into the cell and this changes the polarity of the cell in a process called_____. The inside is now more positive and the outside is more negative, a situation called a _____, and called a nerve impulse in neurons. _____ diffuse out of the cell restoring the conditions at the membrane to the polarized, or resting state. This process is called _____ and until this occurs a neuron cannot conduct another impulse.

Back 44

Sodium ions

Depolarization

Graded potential

Potassium ions

Repolarization.

Front 45

Dilates the bronchioles.

Back 45

Sympathetic nervous system.

Front 46

Increases the heart rate.

Back 46

Sympathetic nervous system.

Front 47

Stimulates skeletal muscle movement.

Back 47

Somatic nervous system.

Front 48

Constricts the pupil.

Back 48

Parasympathetic nervous system.

Front 49

Decreases the heart rate.

Back 49

Parasympathetic nervous system.

Front 50

Increases smooth muscle mobility in the digestive system.

Back 50

Parasympathetic nervous system.

Front 51

Most hormone concentration in the blood is regulated by?

Back 51

The thyroid.

Front 52

Hypothyroidism occurring in adults results in which condition?

Back 52

Graves disease.

Front 53

What is the tropic hormones role?

Back 53

To stimulate their target organ.

Front 54

Insulin has a _______ effect.

Back 54

Hypoglyceamic.

Front 55

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

Back 55

(T3) triiodothyronine, (T4) Thyroxine.

Front 56

The two most important hormones for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance are?

Back 56

Anti diuretic hormone, aldosterone.

Front 57

The hormones released by the anterior pituitary gland are?

Back 57

Growth hormone GH,

prolactin PRL,

follicle stimulating hormone FSH,

lutenizing hormone LH,

thyroid stimulating hormone TSH, adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH.

Front 58

Antidiuretic hormone ADH also increases blood pressure by constricting arterioles and for this reason is often referred to as vasopressin.

TRUE/FALSE

Back 58

TRUE

Front 59

What do Gonadotropic hormones regulate?

Back 59

Follicle stimulating hormone FSH

Lutenizing hormone LH

Front 60

Parathyroid hormone produced by the adrenal medulla are collectively known as catecholimines?

TRUE/FALSE

Back 60

TRUE

Front 61

The mechanism where changing blood levels of certain ions and nutrients stimulate hormone release is referred to as what?

Back 61

Negative feedback.

Front 62

Gland that produces thymosin.

Gland that produces testosterone.

Gland that produces melatonin.

Glands that produce steroids and adrenaline.

Producer of hormones released by the posterior pituitary gland.

Back 62

F - thymus gland
J - testes
A - pineal gland/body
G - adrenal gland
B - hypothalymus

Front 63

Gland that produces insulin and glucagon.

Glands that act as antagonists to the thyroid gland hormone.

Gland that has both glandular and nervous tissue.

Gland that is a major producer of female hormones.

Gland that is primarily responsible for body metabolism.

Back 63

H - pancreas
E - parathyroid gland
C - anterior pituitory
I - ovaries
D - thyroid gland

Front 64

Grey matter.

White matter.

Back 64

The centre area of the central nervous system that contains cell bodies, their axons and their dendrites.

The outer layer of the central nervous system that contains only myelin coated axons.