Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Describe the features of a typical synovial joint. Include a diagram. Briefly explain the significance of Synovial joints in the skeleton.
|
An example of a synovial joint is the knee joint where the distal end of the femur meets with the proximal end of the tibia.
The ends of each bone is covered in an Articular hyaline cartilage which prevents friction of the bones.
The Articular cartilage is then incased by a Synovial membrane which creates a joint cavity which is filled with Synovial Fluid. This creates a further protection against friction and its absorbs shock.
The joint cavity is usually then reinforced with ligaments which provide stability and movement to the joint.
|
|
|
Describe, naming the relevant joint, the normal function of the structures involved in any of the following injuries and describe the effect such an injury has on the affected joint.
Torn meniscus
|
- Knee Joint - either the Medial and Lateral Meniscus has been injured. - Their functions are to absorb shock between Tibia and Femur, they also stabilise the knee during movement - The injury would impair the movements above and cause pain. |
|
|
Lateral epicondylitis/Tennis elbow |
-Elbow joint
- Effects the Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Tendon (which attaches to the lateral epicondyle) and extends and aducts the wrist
- Overuse results in inflammation of the tendon, nd pain in the lateral aspect of the elbow.
|
|
|
Bursitis (Housemaids’ Knee) |
- knee joint.
- It is inflammation of the bursa in the knee.
- A bursa is a fluid-filled sac that reduces friction and cushions the bones, muscles, ligaments and tendons of the joint.
- This injury would cause pain and limit knee movement. |
|
|
Carpal tunnel syndrome |
- wrist joint - Carpel tunnel is the Flexor retinicumlum creating a tunnel in the wrist for the flexor tendons and nerves to pass through.
- Overuse causes the tendons of the wrist to swell putting pressure on the median nerve which causes pain/numbness/ tingling in wrist/fingers. |
|
|
Medial epicondylitis/Golfer’s elbow |
- Elbow
- Common flexor tendon which attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus is effected.
- The Common flexor tendon attaches to a number of flexors in the forearm which will assist in movement of the wrist joint
-Overuse of the tendon causes inflammation which leads to pain in the elbow |
|
|
Sprained ankle |
- ankle joint.
- It is a sprain of any of the ligaments of the ankle.
-Movement effected would be plantar flexion, dorsi flexion, inversion, eversion |
|
|
Name and give the type(s) of joint, bones involved and the type of movement(s) possible the following joints. (5 marks each)
A joint that allows Europeans to indicate “No” (turn our head from side to side)
|
- The atlas and axis of the cervical spine (altoaxoid joint) - Allows the head to move from side to side (rotation. - Synovial, Pivot joint |
|
|
A joint that forms the junction between the axial and lower appendicular skeleton.
|
- Sacroiliac Joint. The Scarum and the Iliac crest of the coxal bone. - The joint is primarily about stability and has very limited movement, slight gliding movement. - It is a weight bearing synovial, plane joint |
|
|
A joint that permits us to turn a door knob or use a screwdriver. |
- Radioulna joint, The Radius and the Ulna. - The radius moves around the ulna in supernation and pronation - Synovial pivot joint |
|
|
A joint that helps stabilize the lower leg on the foot |
- Ankle joint - Fibia, Tibular, Talus - Plantar flexion, dorsi flexion, eversion, inversion - Synovial hinge joint |
|
|
The joint that can make “Texting” possible/facilitates opposition. |
- First Carpometacarpal joint. AKA the thumb joint - Opposition, flexion, extension circumduction of the thumb -Synovial, saddle joint |
|
|
The joint that connects the two bones of the upper girdle of the appendicular skeleton- |
- Acromioclavicular joint- Scapula and the clavicle (connects at the acromion of the scapula) - Synovial, Plane joint though acts as a pivot joint - Involved passively in movements of the scapula as it has no muscle connection - protraction/ retraction - Rotation - Elevation/ depression |
|
|
. Anterior joints that give flexibility when we breathe. |
- The sternocostal joints of the second to seventh ribs connect with the sternum - Synovial, Plane joints. - Allows the movements of respiration to take place in the rib cage. |
