Anatomy And Physiology, Joints, Chapter 9 Nine

Front 1

joints where bones are held together by fibrous connective tissue rich in collagen fibers; they lack a synovial cavity

Back 1

fibrous joints

Front 2

joints where bones are held together by cartilage; they lack a synovial cavity

Back 2

cartilaginous joints

Front 3

joints where bones have a synovial cavity and are united by the ________ connective tissue of an articular capsule, and often by accessory ligaments

Back 3

synovial joints

dense irregular

Front 4

An immovable joint

Back 4

synarthrosis

Front 5

A slightly moveable joint

Back 5

amphiarthrosis

Front 6

A freely moveable joint; all of them are ______ joints

Back 6

diarthrosis

synovial joints

Front 7

lack a synovial cavity, articulating bones are held closely together by fibrous connective tissue, permit little or no movement

Back 7

fibrous joints

Front 8

3 types of fibrous joints

Back 8

sutures

syndesmoses

gomphoses

Front 9

fibrous joint composes of thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue. Because they are immovable, they are classified functionally as a ________

Back 9

sutures

synarthrosis

Front 10

Some sutures, present in childhood, are replaced by bone in the adult. Such a suture is called a

Back 10

synostosis (or bony joint)

Front 11

fibrous joint in which, compared to a suture, there is a greater distance between the articulating bones and more _______ connective tissue

Back 11

syndesmosis

fibrous

Front 12

Because it permits slight movement, a syndesmosis is classified functionally as an _________

Back 12

amphiarthrosis

Front 13

type of fibrous joint in which a cone-shaped peg fits into a socket. Only examples are teeth. Classified functionally as a ______, an immovable joint

Back 13

gomphosis or dentoalveolar joint

synarthrosis

Front 14

lacks a synovial cavity, has little or no movement, bones tightly connected by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.

Back 14

cartilaginous joints

Front 15

2 types of cartilaginous joints

Back 15

synchondroses

symphyses

Front 16

cartilaginous joint in which connecting material is hyaline cartilage. Functionally they are ______, immovable joints

Back 16

synchondrosis

synarthrosis

Front 17

cartilaginous joint in whichthe ends of bone are covered with hyaline cartilage, but a flat disc of fibrocartilage connects the bones. Functionally, they are ________, a slightly moveable joint

Back 17

symphyses

amphiarthrosis

Front 18

A synovial cavity allows a joint to be freely moveable, so all synovial joints are classified functionally as ________

Back 18

diarthroses

Front 19

The bones at a synovial joint are covered by ___________, which is hyaline cartilage

Back 19

articular cartilage

Front 20

A _______ surrounds a synovial cavity and unites the articulating bones. Composed of 2 layers: ______ and ______

Back 20

articular capsule

outer fibrous capsule and inner synovial membrane

Front 21

The ________ layer of a synovial joint consists of dense irregular connective tissue that attaches to periosteum of articulating bones. The fibers of some capsules are arranged in parallel bundles called _____

Back 21

Outer fibrous capsule

ligaments

Front 22

The _______ layer of the articular capsule is composed of areolar connective tissue with elastic fibers. Usually includes accumulations of fat tissue called ____

Back 22

inner synovial membrane

articular fat pads

Front 23

Many synovial joints contain accessory ligaments called ____ and ____

Back 23

extracapsular ligaments (outside articular capsule)

intracapsular ligaments (inside articular capsule)

Front 24

In some synovial joints (like the knee) are pads of fibrocartilage that lie between the articular surfaces of the bones and attach to the fibrous capsule- called ______

Back 24

articular discs OR menisci

Front 25

A _____ is the forcible twisting of a joint that stretches or tears ligaments, but does not dislocate bones. A _____ is a stretched or partially torn muscle.

Back 25

sprain

strain

Front 26

sacs that cushion the movement of one body part over another

Back 26

Bursa

Front 27

tubelike bursa that wrap around tendons where there is considerable friction.

Back 27

tendon sheaths

Front 28

Six types of synovial joints

Back 28

planar

hinge

pivot

condyloid

saddle

ball-and-socket

Front 29

joints that permit side-to-side and back-and-forth movements. Articulating surfaces are flat or slightly curved. Ex: intercarpal, intertarsal, acromioclavicular, sternocostal, vertebrocostal

Back 29

Planar joints

Front 30

In a _______ joint, the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another. Ex: knee, elbow, ankle

Back 30

Hinge joint

Front 31

In a _____ joint, the rounded or pointed surface of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another bone and partly by a ligament Ex: Atlanto-axial joint

Back 31

pivot joint

Front 32

In a ____ joint, the convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into the oval-shaped depression of another bone. Ex: wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints for 2nd -5th digits

Back 32

condyloid joints

Front 33

In a ____ joint, the articular surface of one bone is saddle shaped, and the articular surface of another bone fits onto the saddle. Ex: carpometacarpal joint bw trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of thumb

Back 33

saddle joint

Front 34

A ______ joint has ball like surface of one bone fitting into cup like depression of another. Such joints are multiaxial (polyaxial) because they permit movement around three axes plus all directions in between. Ex: shoulder and hip joints

Back 34

Ball-and-socket

Front 35

Type of flexion where the trunk of the body moves from side to side

Back 35

lateral flexion

Front 36

Continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position

Back 36

Hyperextension

Front 37

movement of a bone away from midline

Back 37

Abduction

Front 38

movement of a bone towards midline

Back 38

Adduction

Front 39

Movement of the distal end of a body part in a circle

Back 39

Circumduction

Front 40

movement of a body part anteriorly in the transverse plane. Ex: thrusting out mandible

Back 40

protraction

Front 41

movement of a protracted body part back to the anatomical position

Back 41

retraction

Front 42

movement of the soles medially at the intertarsal joints so that the soles face each other

Back 42

inversion

Front 43

movement of the soles laterally at the intertarsal joints so that the soles face away from each other.

Back 43

eversion

Front 44

bending of the foot at the ankle in the direction of the dorsum. Occurs when you stand on your heels

Back 44

Dorsiflexion

Front 45

bending the foot at the ankle joint in the direction of the plantar surface, as when standing on your toes

Back 45

Plantar flexion

Front 46

Turning the palm anteriorly or superiorly

Back 46

supination

Front 47

Turning the palm posteriorly or inferiorly

Back 47

pronation

Front 48

displacement of a bone from a joint, with resultant tearing of ligaments, tendons, and articular capsules.

Back 48

Dislocation OR luxation

Front 49

A partial or incomplete dislocation

Back 49

subluxation

Front 50

The study of joints

Back 50

arthrology

Front 51

Types of synarthroses

Back 51

sutures

gomphosis

syndesmosis

Front 52

Types of amphiarthroses

Back 52

intervertebral discs

pubic symphysis

sacroiliac joint

Front 53

Types of diarthroses

Back 53

shoulder

elbow

wrist

hip

knee

ankle

Front 54

commonly found between skin and bony prominences lying beneath the skin. Ex: in patella of knee

Back 54

Bursae

Front 55

crystals of calcium carbonate in a matrix of protein fibers form a component of bone called _____

Back 55

Hydroxyapatite

Front 56

Name the anatomical components of the shoulder joint (also called humeroscapular and glenohumeral joint)

Back 56

articular capsule

coracohumeral ligament

glenohumeral ligaments

transverse humeral ligament

glenoid labrum

bursae

Front 57

Name the anatomical components of the elbow (olecranon) joint

Back 57

articular capsule

ulnar collateral ligament

radial collateral ligament

Front 58

Name the anatomical components of the hip (coxal) joint

Back 58

articular capsule

iliofemoral ligament

pubofemoral ligament

ischiofemoral ligament

ligament of the head of femur

acetabular labrum

transverse ligament of acetabulum

Front 59

Name the anatomicalcomponents of the knee (tibiofemoral) joint

Back 59

articular capsule
medial / lateral patellar retinacula
patellar ligament
oblique popliteal ligament
arcutate popliteal ligament
tibial collateral ligament
fibular collateral ligament
intracapsular ligaments
(ACL) anterior cruciate ligament
(PCL)posterior cruciate ligament
articular discs (menisci)
medial meniscus
lateral meniscus
Bursae- prepatellar, intrapatellar, suprapatellar

Front 60

____ is the range, measured in degrees of a circle, through which bones of a joint can be moved

Back 60

(ROM) range of motion

Front 61

displacement of the tibia relative to the femur. Frequent consequence is damage to the popliteal artery

Back 61

dislocated knee

Front 62

any painful disorder of the supporting structures of the body- tendons, ligaments, muscles, bones- that is not caused by injury or infection

Back 62

Rheumatism

Front 63

Symptoms include joint stiffness, fever, chills, headache, stiff neck, and nausea. Caused by spiral-shaped bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi. Rash often resembles a bull's eye target

Back 63

Lyme disease (named for town of Lyme, Connecticut, where it was first reported in 1975).

Front 64

pain in a joint is ______

Back 64

arthralgia

Front 65

The cartilaginous disc found in the knee joint is referred to as the _____

Back 65

semilunar meniscus

Front 66

superolateral parts of skull

Back 66

calvaria and vault