Anatomy

Front 1

Plasma Membrane

Back 1

Forms the outer limiting barrier seperating the internal contents of the cell from external material

Front 2

what are the functions of the plasma membrane

Back 2

1. communication
2. intercellular connection
3. physical barrier
4. selectively permeability

Front 3

Cytoplasm

Back 3

All cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

CONTROLS protein synthesis an directs the functional and structural characteristics of the cell

Front 5

Facilitated diffusion

Back 5

requires the participation of specific transport proteins that help specific substances or molecules move across the plasma membrane
expends no ATP

Front 6

bulk filtration

Back 6

involves the difussion of both solvents and solutes together across the selectively permeable membrane

Front 7

Ion pumps

Back 7

active transport processes that move ions across the membrane
allow the cell to maintain its internal concentration of small molecules or ions

Front 8

Bulk transport - exocytosos

Back 8

large molecules are secreted from the cell

Front 9

Phagocytosis

Back 9

membrane extensions, termed pseudopodia, engulf a particle and internalize it into a vacuole

Front 10

Pinocytosis

Back 10

incorporation of droplets of extracellular fluid into the cell through the formation of small vesicles

Front 11

receptor mediated endocytosis

Back 11

with specific molecules bound to them aggregate within the membrane, then an invagination forms around them to creat a cytoplasmic vesicle
(lock and key mechanism)

Front 12

Ribosomes

Back 12

responsible for protein production (synthesis)

Front 13

Fixed ribosomes vs free ribosomes

Back 13

fixed ribosomes are attatched to the endoplasmic reticulum. they produce proteins that are aeported outside the cell, incorporated in the plasma membrane or housed as enzymes within a new lysosome

free ribosomes produce proteins that remain within the cytosol

Front 14

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Back 14

responsible for producing storing and transporting proteins to be exported outside the cell, proteins to be incorporated into the plasma membrane and enzymes that are housed within the lysosomes.

Front 15

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 15

site of steroid, fatty acid and phospholipid synthesis
(detoxifies drugs and alcohol)

Front 16

Golgi apparatus

Back 16

modifies packages and sorts material that arrive from the rough endoplasmic reticulum in transport vesicles

vesicles leaving the shipping region become lysosomes, secretory vesicles or new parts of the plasma membrane

Front 17

Lysosomes

Back 17

contain enzymes used by the cell to digest waste products and ingested macromolecules

autolysis - automatic eating

Front 18

Peroxisomes

Back 18

detoxifies harmful substance
coverts hydrogen peroxide to water

Front 19

Mitochondria

Back 19

organelles with a double membrane
produce large amounts of ATP
referred to as the "power house" of the cell

Front 20

functions of the cytoskeleton

Back 20

1. structural support
2. cytosol streaming
3. cell motility
4. movement of organells and material through the cell
5. movement of chromosomes during cell division

3 seperate components microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

Front 21

functions of centrosome and centrioles

Back 21

microtubule organizing center in non dividing cells

spindle formation center in dividing cells

Front 22

Cilia and flagella

Back 22

appendages extending from the surface of some cells
1. cillia - usually occur in large numbers, they work together to move materials or substances across the surface of a cell
Flagella - longer than cilia and usually occur as single appendages

Front 23

Nuclear envelope

Back 23

enclosed by a double membrane structure
controls the entry and exit of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm

Front 24

Nucleolus

Back 24

responsible for making subunits of ribosomes

Front 25

Chromosome

Back 25

the most organized level of genetic material
only visible during cell division

Front 26

Mitosis vs miosis

Back 26

mitosis takes place in somatic cells 1 cell forms 2 cells

sex cells undergo meiosis 1 cell forms 4 cells

Front 27

what are the phases of mitosis?

Back 27

Interphase
(Prophase)
(Metaphase)
(Anaphase)
(Telephase)
cytokinesis
( ) = true mitosis