Anatomy Muscles Exam 3

Front 1

functions of muscles

Back 1

internal and skeletal movement, thermal regulation, protection, stabilize body positions, 40%-50% of body weight

Front 2

3 different kinds of muscles in the body

Back 2

skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

Front 3

3 ways muscles differ from each other

Back 3

microscopic anatomy, location, and how they are controlled (what tells them to contract)

Front 4

Skeletal muscles

Back 4

striated, voluntary, attach to moving bones of the skeleton, uniform formation

Front 5

cardiac muscles

Back 5

striated, auto rhythmic, involuntary, branched formation, found in heart

Front 6

smooth muscles

Back 6

non-striated, mostly involuntary, make up walls of the organs (except heart) and walls of blood vessels

Front 7

membrane potential

Back 7

difference in charge across membrane of cell (polorized)

Front 8

electricity

Back 8

movement of charged particles

Front 9

what does it mean when a cell has potential

Back 9

has the potential to make energy

Front 10

when Na+ enters a cell, what does it create

Back 10

energy

Front 11

action potential

Back 11

rolling open of Na+ channels around the muscle cell membrane, an electrical current flying around the cell

Front 12

what is needed for a muscle cell to start a contraction

Back 12

action potential

Front 13

what opens the first Na+ channel (3 ways)

Back 13

Nerve - skeletal & some smooth muscles
Endocrine - adrenalin (some smooth muscles)
Auto rhythmic - cardiac & some smooth

Front 14

interclated disc

Back 14

A connection between two cells bridged by connexons, membrane thickens between cardiac cells

Front 15

Right atrium has what special group of muscles cells that form a natural pacemaker

Back 15

SA Node

Front 16

what is the funcion of the SA Node

Back 16

runs an action potential, electrial current runs through gap junctions of each of the cells, and stimulate at same time

Front 17

muscles cells have 4 important properties

Back 17

electrically excitable, contractility, extensibility, elasticity

Front 18

contractility

Back 18

a muscle cell will contract forcefully when stimulated by an action potential

Front 19

2 types of muscle contractions

Back 19

isotonic & isometric contractions

Front 20

isotonic contraction

Back 20

muscle shortens when contracted

Front 21

isometric contraction

Back 21

muscle contracted, but not shortened

Front 22

extensibility of a muscle cell

Back 22

muscle cell stretches without damage to the cell

Front 23

elasticity of a muscle cell

Back 23

after stretched, muscle cell will return to original shape and size

Front 24

CT wrapping for each individual muscle cell

Back 24

Endomysium - made of areolar CT

Front 25

CT wrapping for each bundle of muscle fibers

Back 25

Perimysium - made of dense irrecular CT

Front 26

CT wrapping for the entire muscle

Back 26

Epimysium - dense irredular

Front 27

each bundle of muscle fibers is called this _____

Back 27

fasicle

Front 28

mesoderm cells innitially differentiate into small cells called _______

Back 28

myoblast cells

Front 29

um-teen thousand myocells form 1 _____ ______ _____

Back 29

skeletal muscle cell

Front 30

sarcolemma

Back 30

the plasma membrane of a muscle cell