American History Unit 2 Part 2

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Petition

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Term used to describe the collection of Signitures to attempt to change government

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Elections

Back 2

Event where people vote for candidates to represent them in government.

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Impeachment

Back 3

Term that refers to charges brought against a president for high crimes or misdemeanors

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Civil Disobedience

Back 4

non-violent means of effecting change in government whereby people just refuse to obey laws that they feel are unfair.

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Two examples of Civil disobedience

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Civil rights movement - Dr. Martin Luther King and Ghandi in India.

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Crompromise

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Occurs when two sides with opposing views each give up some of their demands to come to an agreement.

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Constitutional Admendments

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Changes made to the Constitution. We have 27 admendments

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Recall

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Term that refers to when a elected offical is removed from office by the demand of the people.

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Political Parties

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A group of people who organize to elect government officials and influence government policies.

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Two party System

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A system of government in which two major parties dominate and have the majority of influence

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National Convention

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A meeting of a political party where they choose their candidates for office such as president and vice president.

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Party Platform

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A statement of beliefs and goals of a political party

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Nation

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a community of people or peoples living in a defined territory and organized under a single government

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state

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an area forming part of a federal country such as the United States or Australia with its own government and legislature and control over most of its own internal affairs

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Trade

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the activity of buying and selling, or sometimes bartering, goods

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Dipolomacy

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the management of communication and relationships between nations by members and employees of each nation's government

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Treaties

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a formal contract or agreement negotiated between countries or other political entities

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Embargo

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a government order restricting or prohibiting commerce, especially trade in a given commodity or with a particular nation

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United Nations

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an organization of nations that was formed in 1945 to promote peace, security, and international cooperation

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Economic Aid

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Money or goods given by one country to help another country

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Humanitarian Aid

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Money or help given by one country to the people of another for the purpose of helping the people irregardless of their political relations.

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Sanctions

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a penalty imposed by one naation on another. Example prohibiting the sale of certain items to that country.

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Monroe Doctrine

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the political principle, as stated by President James Monroe in 1823, that Europe should no longer involve itself in the American continent by exerting influence.

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Presidental Summit

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top-level diplomatic conference in which the President attends: a meeting between heads of government or other high-ranking officials to discuss a matter of great importance

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Military Action

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A action taken by a country against another country where the military is utilized. Example: Iraq

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Senate Approval

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The president is suppose to get this approval for the use of the military agianst any foreign country.

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Negociations

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. General: Bargaining (give and take) process between two or more parties (each with its own aims, needs, and viewpoints) seeking to discover a common ground

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Ambassador

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diplomatic representative: a diplomatic official of the highest rank sent by one country as its long-term representative to another

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Secretary of State

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The United States Secretary of State is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with foreign affairs. The Secretary is a member of the President's Cabinet.
(currently Hillary Clinton)

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War

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armed fighting between groups: a period of hostile relations between countries, states, or factions that leads to fighting between armed forces, especially in land, air, or sea battles

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Isolationism

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The belief that we should only be concerned about our own selves and not with events in other parts of the world

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National Security

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protection of nation from danger: the protection of a nation from attack or other danger by maintaining adequate armed forces and guarding state secrets

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Containment

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attempt to stop spread of something: action taken to restrict the spread of a hostile element such as an enemy or something undesirable such as a disease

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Qualifications for U.S. Citizenship

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must be born in the United states or to citizens of the United States or be a citizen through the process of naturalization

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Naturalization

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The process by which someone from another country becomes a citizen

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Naturalization Requirements

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must move to the U.S.
live here 5 years
be able to support themselves financially or have someone support them
be law abiding and support the Constitution
Take a Oath of Allegiance

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Bill of rights

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The first ten amendments to the Constitution, they contain our most basic rights such as free Speech, Freedom of Religion etc

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First Amendment Freedoms

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The most basic of our rights as Americans it includes or freedom of Speech, press,assembly, petition and religion

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Disability Act

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Prohibits discrimination based on a person's disabilities

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Rights

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What a person is entitled to in a democratic society that government can not take away without due process.

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Responsibilities

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Things a peerson in a Democratic Society should do such as vote and serve on juries when called.

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Two freedoms of the Bill of rights

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Freedom of Speech and Freedom of Religion

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Jury Duty

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The responsibilty a person has in a democratic society to serve on the jury in trials if asked

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National debt

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The money our nation owes to other countries

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U. S. Constitution

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Americas Blueprint for government. It tells how our government is to be organized and the responsibilities of each branch of government

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Constitutional Convention

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Convention that met to draft the Constitution

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Virginia Plan

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Also known as the large states plan it called for representation in congress to be based on the population of a state. the more people the more representation the state would have in Congress.

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New Jersey Plan

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Also called the Small sttes plan. It said that each state should have equal representation in congress.

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Connecticut Compromise

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Also known as the Great Compromise, it was an agreement beween large and small states to have a two house liegislature one based on a states population (the House of Represenatives) and one based on equal representation for states (Senate)

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Three Fifths Compromise

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A compromise in the Constitution that called for counting slaves as three fifths of a person for the purpose of taxation and representation in Congress

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!st Admendment Rights

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The most basic rights we have as American citizen. They include : the rights of Freedom of Speech, Freedom of the press, freedom of petition, freedom of assembly and freedom of religion

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Freedom of Speech

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People have the right to say what they want as long as what they say does not infringe on the rights of others

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Freedom of the Press

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The newspapaer has the right to print what it wants as long as it does not infringe on the rights of others and has acted with an "absence of Malice"

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Freedom of Religion

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The governement can not mandate a National Religion. People are free to worship as they choose.

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Freedom of Assembly

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The right people have to meet and gather

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Freedom of Petition

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People have the right to petition their grivences to the government

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2nd Admendment

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The right to bear arms

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The right of Eminent Domain

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The right government has to force the sale of private property for public use aslong as they pay just compensation

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Search and seizure

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Government can not serarch our homes or property without our permission or a warrant. A warrant will not be issued without first proving to a judge just cause

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Double Jeopardy

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A person can not be put on trial twice for the same crime.

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Self-Incrimination

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Under the fifth amendment citizens can not be made to testify against themselves.

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Trial by Jury

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Citizens charged with a crime are entitled to be judged by a jury of their peers

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Due Process of Law

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No one can be deprived of their life, liberty or property without going through the legal process

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Right to an Attorney

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The right to have someone represent you in COurt. If you can not afford one one is appointed for you.

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Excessive Bail

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Banned by the 8th Amendment. Refers to amount a person must put up to guarantee their attendance at their trial if charged with a crime.

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Cruel and Unusual Punishment

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baned by the Constitution's Admendment 8. an example would be beheading someone for writing a bad check.