American History B Unit 4: Making Things Better

Front 1

anarchism

Back 1

the rejection of all forms of government based on the belief that government restricts individual freedom; someone who supports anarchism is called an anarchist

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collective bargaining

Back 2

negotiations between organized workers and their employers

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sweatshop

Back 3

a workplace where workers are forced to work long hours for low pay in hot, cramped, dirty rooms, with no provision for safety, comfort, or refreshment

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exposé

Back 4

a publication that exposes wrongdoing to the public

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investigative journalism

Back 5

reporting by a journalist investigating wrongdoing that affects the public

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conservationist

Back 6

a person who believes in using natural resources wisely while protecting their value by avoiding wasteful or destructive practices

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John Muir

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He believed wilderness had value in its own right and that natural areas should be preserved untouched.

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preservationist

Back 8

a person who believes that natural resources should be kept in their natural state--untouched by man

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17th Amendment

Back 9

a change to the Constitution that allowed the people (rather than the legislature) to choose their Senators

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direct primary

Back 10

a process by which the people choose candidates in party elections prior to the general election

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Samuel Gompers

Back 11

founded the American Federation of Labor (AFL)

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Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

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the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history. The fire caused the deaths of 146 garment workers – 123 women and 23 men [1] – who died from the fire, smoke inhalation, or falling or jumping to their deaths. Most of the victims were recent Jewish and Italian immigrant women aged 16 to 23.

Front 13

American Federation of Labor

Back 13

focused on improving working conditions in the United States.

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Mother Jones

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She organized workers, especially children, who worked for starvation wages in nightmare conditions in mines, mills, and factories. She focused public attention on the plight of the children and shamed business owners, employers, and government officials into action

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muckraker

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were investigative journalists who wrote about injustice, unfairness, and corruption.

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Upton Sinclair

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best-known for his novel, THE JUNGLE (1906), a powerful naturalistic exposure of the wretched sanitary and work conditions in the meat-packing industry.

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Ida Tarbell

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an investigative journalist who helped break up the trust of the Standard Oil Company.

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Jane Addams

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the founder of Hull House that served immigrants who needed help getting settled in their new country. They provided English language lessons, child care for working parents, and educational and cultural opportunities

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Technological innovations

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included: trains, telephones, electric lights, harvesters, and

vacuum cleaners.

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main purpose of the first labor unions

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get better conditions and better pay for workers

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socialist

Back 21

a person who favors government control of businesses that affect most citizens, such as railroads, electrical power, and telephones?

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population density

Back 22

the number of people living in one square mile

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primary, initiative, and referendum

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reforms supported by the Progressive movement to make the government more democratic

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Haymarket Square

Back 24

began as a peaceful rally in support of workers striking for an eight-hour day and in reaction to the killing of several workers the previous day by the police. An unknown person threw a dynamite bomb at police as they acted to disperse the public meeting. The bomb blast and ensuing gunfire resulted in the deaths of seven police officers and at least four civilians; scores of others were wounded.