American History B Unit 9: The Second World War

Front 1

fascism

Back 1

a political philosophy that values nation or race above the individual and promotes a centralized dictatorship

Front 2

Nazism

[NAHT-sih-zuhm]

Back 2

the political and economic doctrines of the National Socialist German Workers' Party, which promoted totalitarian government, state control of industry, racial superiority of certain groups, and the supremacy of its leader

Front 3

Hideki Tojo

[hee-DEHK-ee TOH-joh]

Back 3

the leader of an Axis power during World War II

Front 4

Benito Mussolini

Back 4

was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943. He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship.

Front 5

reparations

Back 5

something done or given as amends or payment of damages

Front 6

totalitarian state

Back 6

a government that attempts to subject the citizen to an absolute state authority

Front 7

Treaty of Versailles

Back 7

the treaty ending World War I, which placed blame for the war and demands for financial reparations on Germany

Front 8

anti-Semitism

Back 8

hostility toward or discrimination against Jews as a religious, ethnic, or racial group

Front 9

Auschwitz

[OWSH-vitz]

Back 9

was a network of German Nazi concentration camps and extermination camps built and operated by the Third Reich in Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany during World War II.

Front 10

Kristallnacht

[KRIHS-tahl-nahkt]

Back 10

(a series of coordinated deadly attacks) against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and Austria on 9–10 November 1938, carried out by SA paramilitary forces and non-Jewish civilians. German authorities looked on without intervening.

Front 11

Maidanek

[MIYDN-ehk]

Back 11

was a Nazi German concentration and extermination camp established on the outskirts of the city of Lublin during the German occupation of Poland in World War II.

Front 12

refugee

Back 12

a person who flees to another area, country, or power to escape danger or persecution

Front 13

xenophobia

[zee-nuh-FOH-bee-uh]

Back 13

fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything that is strange or foreign

Front 14

Allies

Back 14

the nations, led by Great Britain, the U.S., and the U.S.S.R., that united against the Axis powers in World War II

Front 15

isolationist

Back 15

a person who believes that his nation should stay out of world affairs; remain neutral

Front 16

Lend-Lease

Back 16

a program to lend equipment and raw materials to help the Allies fight the war in Europe

Front 17

pacifist

[PA-suh-fist]

Back 17

a person who is opposed to the use of force under any circumstance

Front 18

blitzkrieg

[BLITS-kreeg]

Back 18

German for "lightning war," a new type of warfare used by German forces in World War II in which troops, tanks, and artillery quickly sped across nations

Front 19

amphibious

[am-FIH-bee-uhs]

Back 19

able to travel on land or in water

Front 20

cryptography

[krihp-TAH-gruh-fee]

Back 20

used extensively during World War II, with a plethora of code and cipher systems fielded by the nations involved. In addition, the theoretical and practical aspects of cryptanalysis, or codebreaking, was much advanced.

Front 21

habeas corpus

[HAY-bee-uhs KOR-puhs]

Back 21

the right of a citizen to obtain a legal order written by a court or judge as a protection against illegal imprisonment

Front 22

Nisei

[NEE-say]

Back 22

a child of Japanese immigrants who was born in the United States

Front 23

Guadalcanal

[gwahd-l-kuh-NAL]

Back 23

During 1942–43 this was the scene of bitter fighting between Japanese and US troops in which the Americans were ultimately victorious.

Front 24

Pas-de-Calais

[pahd-kah-LAY]

Back 24

costliest battles of World War I were fought in the region

Front 25

Hiroshima

[hee-roh-SHEE-mah]

Back 25

In August 1945, during the final stage of the Second World War, the United States dropped an atomic bombs on this Japanese city.

Front 26

Hirohito

[hihr-oh-HEE-toh]

Back 26

Emperor of Japan from 1926 until his death in 1989. He was the longest-reigning monarch in Japan's history.

Front 27

Nationalism

Back 27

a philosophy that promotes one nation above all others and values that

nation’s culture and interests over others

Front 28

The Great Depression

Back 28

a time of economic decline in the 1930s that included high unemployment

and falling prices

Front 29

Adolf Hitler

Back 29

an Austrian-born German politician who was the leader of the Nazi Party

Front 30

WWII began when...

Back 30

Germany invaded Poland.

Front 31

The U.S. entered WWII because...

Back 31

Japan launched an air attack in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

Front 32

Yalta Conference

Back 32

Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin agreed to discuss forming a new international organization, the United Nations.

Front 33

atomic bomb

Back 33

A uranium gun-type bomb used

to quickly end the war in the Pacific without invading Japan

Front 34

democratic government

Back 34

a form of government in which the military owes allegiance to the nation, not one particular leader.

Front 35

Axis powers

Back 35

those nations the coalition headed by Germany, Italy, and Japan that opposed the Allied Powers in World War II.

Front 36

Moscow

Back 36

the capital city of an Allied power during World War II

Front 37

Dwight Eisenhower

Back 37

The president during World War II who was the Supreme Allied Commander in Europe and gave the go-ahead for the D-day landings in Normandy

Front 38

Albert Einstein

Back 38

wrote a letter to President Roosevelt urging that the United States build an atomic bomb before the Germans could

Front 39

Allied Powers

Back 39

those nations allied in opposition to the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey) in World War I

Front 40

Berlin

Back 40

the capital of an Axis power during World War II

Front 41

Franklin Roosevelt

Back 41

the leader of an Allied power during World War II