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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is established with Connecticut Promise? |
House of Representatives with state representation based on population. Senate with two members from each state. |
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What is established with New Jersey Plan? |
Unicameral legislature with one vote per state. Focused on the equality of small states within the central government. |
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What is established with Virginia Plan Principles? |
(Principle 1) Strong national legislature with two chambers. (Principle 2) Strong national executive to be chosen by the national legislature. (Principle 3) National judiciary to be appointed by the legislature. |
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What type of government system exists? |
Unitary System- Power is in the hands of the national government. State and local governments are dependent on its will. Con-federal System- A loose union of independent states. National government can only do what the states permit it do. Federal System- Power of government is shared between the national and state governments. |
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What are the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? |
No Power to Collect Taxes. No Power to Regulate Trade. Inability to Enforce Laws. Passing Laws and Amendments was Nearly Impossible. No Executive Branch. No National Court System. |
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What is Federalism? |
A system of government in which a written constitution divides the powers of government on a territorial basis between: A central government. State governments (regional). |
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Difficulties of amending the Constitution? |
Number of times it must be debated. Super-majority vote two times. Populated and diverse country. |
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What is a faction? |
A group that is the minority or majority of a larger group and shares common interests or beliefs, along with a common goal or set of goals. Interests are self-serving. |
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What types of a vetoes are there? |
(Presidential Veto) The bill is sent back to the Congress directly with a signature. (Pocket Veto) Occurs when Congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president. |
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What are the Federal Powers of the Government? |
Enumerated Powers -“Expressed Powers” “Powers granted to the National Government that are spelled out directly in the Constitution” Implied Powers - Not directly stated in the Constitution.Suggested by the enumerated powers. Inherent Powers -Powers that belong to the National Government because it is a government of a sovereign state in the world community. Not expressed. Acquired over time. Exist because the United States exists. |
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What is investigative journalism? |
Reporting that attempts to unearth political scandals. Has contributed to greater public negativity about politics. Focuses on moments of controversy instead of political issues. |
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What are the factors of political socialization? |
Education- More educated; more politically involved. Income- As income increases, so does the likelihood of becoming politically active. Age- Political participation/voting increases with age. Family- Most influential factor int he political socialization process (not the same as voting!) Where political socialization begins. Religion- Typically, the more religious, the more politically active. |
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What is lobbying? |
When members of an interest group try to persuade public officials to do what they want. |
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What is hard money? |
Contributions given directly to candidates for their campaigns. Limited by FEC. |
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What is soft money? |
Money raised for general purposes, not given directly to the candidates. No limitations. |
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What about Labor Unions? |
What are they? Organization of workers who share the same type of job. What do they want? Focus on improving wages, benefits, and working conditions for their members. What do they do?Present the interests of employees during collective bargaining. Negotiations between employers and a group of employees negotiating demands related to work. |
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What about bicameralism? |
Legislature made up of two houses.House of Representatives. Senate. Main goal:Wanted to prevent Congress from becoming too powerful. |
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Demographics of Congress? |
White men are overly represented over other groups. |
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What are the ways to kill a bill? |
Prepare an alternative bill and attempt to have it replace the original. Committees can choose to not report on a bill. Most bills die this way. It does not receive a majority vote in the floor of either the House or Senate. Senate Majority Leader can choose to not take it off the calendar. If the House and Senate cannot agree on the same version of the bill. If a majority vote in the House and Senate is not achieved. Presidential veto. Pocket veto. Filibuster. A way to talk a bill to death in order to force the Senate to drop a bill or change it in some way. Public pressure can be used to speak out against a proposed law. |
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How does Electoral college work? |
Each state has as many electors as it does members of Congress. System makes it more advantageous for candidates to focus on states with high number of electoral votes. |
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What is Gerrymandering? |
Congressional districts that have been drawn to the advantage of the political party that controls the State's legislature. |
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What is uncontrollable spending? |
This is known as “mandatory spending.” Level of spending cannot be changed unless Congress changes the law(s) that set the funding for those programs. Once Congress sets the standards of eligibility for these programs it cannot adjust how much the government spends. |
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What is discretionary spending? |
The spending amounts on specific budget items that Congress and the President make choices on each year. |
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What is the Federal Budget? |
Estimate of government spending of the next fiscal year. Declaration of public policies for the United States. |
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What is the continuing resolution? |
Allows the government to avoid a shutdown if appropriation have not been signed into law. |
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How to balance a Federal Budget? |
Increasing revenue through tax reform. Entitlement reform. Reduction in discretionary (controllable) spending. |
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The establishment of Federal Reserve? |
The Federal Reserve was established to serve as the central banking system of the United States. |
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What is the purpose of Federal Reserve? |
Minimize banking panics. Improve stability of the U.S. economy. Organize, standardize, and stabilize American currency. |
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What is the primary goal of Federal Reserve? |
Primary task is controlling the money supply of our money. |
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How to decrease money supply? |
Requiring banks to have higher reserve ratios per deposit forces the bank to lend less. |
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How to increase money supply? |
Allowing banks to decrease their reserve ratios per deposit allows the bank to lend more. |
