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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the Penicillins
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Penicillin G/V Ampicillin Amoxicillin Nafcillin Oxacillin Piperacillin Dicloxacillin Ticarcillin Carbenicillin
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Penicillins Info
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Beta lactams. SE hypersensitivity 1 Anaphylaxis 2 Hematologic/Renal 3 Serum Sickness 4 Rash (or TEN). Also seizures
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Penicillin G/V
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DOC Treponema S pneumo N meningitidis GAS throat. Also Enterococcus Meningococcus Clostridium Anthrax Actinomyces
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Nafcillin
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Penicillin. Gm + cocci. DOC S aureus. SE long term: marrow depression
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Dicloxacillin
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Penicillin. Gm + cocci. DOC S aureus.
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Amoxicillin
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Penicillin. Best PO. Given w/ clavulanate (adds anaerobes). DOC Otitis Sinusitis. Also Spirochetes E coli Proteus. SE rash when given for EBV
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Ampicillin
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Penicillin good w/ sulbactam (adds anaerobes) DOC Cat bite Endocarditis Listeria GBS E faecalis. Also Spirochetes E coli Proteus. SE rash when given for EBV
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Ticarcillin
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Penicillin. Anti-pseudomonas
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Carbenicillin
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Penicillin. Anti-pseudomonas
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Piperacillin
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Penicillin. Given w/ Tazobactam. Gm - rods. Pseudomonas. Anaerobes.
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What are the Cephalosporins
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1st Cephalexin Cefazolin 2nd Cefuroxime Cefoxitin 3rd Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Ceftazidime 4th Cefepime
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Cephalosporin Info
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Beta lactams. SE hypersensitivity 1 Anaphylaxis 2 Hematologic/Renal 3 Serum Sickness 4 Rash (or TEN). Also seizures
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Cephalexin
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1st Gen Cephalosporin. Gm +s
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Cefazolin
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1st Gen Cephalosporin. Gm +s plus E coli Proteus
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Cefuroxime
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2nd Gen Cephalosporin. Gm +s and gaining Gm -s
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Cefoxitin
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2nd Gen Cephalosporin. Gm +s and gaining Gm -s
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Ceftriaxone
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3rd Gen Cephalosporin. DOC spirochetes meningitis gonorrhea (both Ns) S pneumo H flu E coli. SE biliary sludge
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Ceftazidime
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3rd Gen Cephalosporin. Better for Gm - rods w/ less Gm + activity. DOC meningitis gonorrhea (both Ns) Pseudomonas
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Cefotaxime
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3rd Gen Cephalosporin. DOC S pneumo meningitis gonorrhea (both Ns) H flu E coli
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Cefepime
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4th Gen Cephalosporin. DOC meningitis Pseudomonas E coli H flu.
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Cefotetan
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Cephamycin (beta-lactam). SE Disulfiram-like rxn
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What are the Carbapenems
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All IV Imipenem Meropenem Ertapenem
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Carbapenems Info
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Beta lactams. Work for everything except intracellular. SE hypersensitivity 1 2 3 4 . Also seizures. Why are they called Gorillacillins?
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Imipenem/cilistatin
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Carbapenem. Cilistatin prevents renal inactivation and toxicity. DOC gm - sepsis and mixed aerobes/anaerobes. SE seizures
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Meropenem
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Carbapenem. DOC gm - sepsis and mixed aerobes/anaerobes.
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Ertapenem
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Carbapenem. DOC gm - sepsis and mixed aerobes/anaerobes.
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Aztreonam
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Monobactam (beta lactam). IV. Only for gm - aerobics. DOC gm - sepsis w/ PCN allergy
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Vancomycin
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Inhibits cell wall. Use when bugs resistant. Gm+s only. PO for C diff. Sepsis. Endocarditis. SE red man syndrome from rapid infusion. Nephrotoxic
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Daptomycin
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Causes membrane depolarization in gm +. IV only. Use when sepsis/endocarditis not responding to Vanco. SE myopathy. Poor lung availablity
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Polymixin B
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Makes membrane more permeable. Topical against gram -s. Basic/cationic. Nephrotoxic
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What are the Fluoroquinolones
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Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin Norfloxacin Moxifloxacin
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Fluoroquinolone Info
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Inhibit DNA gyrase. +Ions interfere. Goes intracellular. DOC prostatitis diarrhea CApneumo. SE QT tendonitis P450
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Ciprofloxacin
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Fluoroquinolone. Gram - cocci and all aerobes incl intracellular
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Levofloxacin
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Respiratory Fluoroquinolone. DOC PCN-R S pneumo Legionella. Good for whole pg incl intracellular.
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What are the Antifolates
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Sulfamethoxazole Sulfisoxasole Trimethoprim Dapsone Sulfadiazine (antiparasitic)
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Sulfa Drug Info
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Inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (PABA analog). SE(increased in AIDS) rash (SJS-TEN) Displaces warfarin/bilirubin causing kernicterus G6PD problems
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Sulfamethoxazole
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Sulfa. CSF MRSA Toxoplasmosis
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Sulfasoxazole
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Sulfa. CSF MRSA Toxoplasmosis.
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Trimethoprim (TMP/SMZ)
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Inhibits dihidrofolate reductase. MRSA unusual pathogens Prostatitis Listeria Toxo non-TB Myco. SE anemias/penias
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Sodium Sulfacetamide
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Sulfa eyedrops
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Silver Sulfadiazine
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Topical sulfa for burns
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Dapsone
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Sulfone. Inhibits dihydropteroate synthase. DOC leprosy. SE hemolysis (in G6PD) rash sulfone (mono-like) syndrome
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Metronidazole
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Redox active against anaerobic bacterial DNA. DOC C. diff B fragilis Trich. Good for H. pylori intestinal parasites. SE seizures Teratogen Disulfiram-like rxn
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Nitrofurantoin
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Urinary antiseptic. Redox activity. Gm+/-s incl E coli. Toxic in renal failure. SE anorexia NV G6PD problems
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What are the Aminoglycosides
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Gentamycin Tobramycin Amikacin Streptomycin Netilmicin Neomycin (topical) Paromomycin (antiparasitic)
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Aminoglycoside Info
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30s subunit. IV only. Not good for abscess. Synergy: Endocarditis (all Gm+s) Enterococcal or Gm - sepsis. Renal and ototoxicity!
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Streptomycin
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Aminoglycoside. 1st lineTB. Francisella Yersinia
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Gentamicin
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Aminoglycoside. Synergy for Gm + cocci
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Tobramycin
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Aminoglycoside. Gm - aerobes incl enterobact Pseudomonas.
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Amikacin
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Aminoglycoside. Gm - aerobes incl enterobact Pseudomonas. Least affected by degrading enzymes
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Netilmicin
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Aminoglycoside.
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What are the Tetracyclines
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Doxycycline Minocycline Demeclocycline (ADH antagonist)
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Tetracycline Info
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30s subunit. +Ions interfere. SE photosensitivity Tooth color Hepatotoxic Vestibular problems Esophagitis
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Doxycycline
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Tetracycline. DOC Spirochetes Tick dz Chlamydia. Tx and prophy for Falciparum malaria. Non-TB myco
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Minocycline
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Tetracycline. Binds 30s. DOC Acne MRSA/MRSE Meningococcus carrier.
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What are the Macrolides
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Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin
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Macrolide info
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50s subunit. P450 inhibitors. Good for intracellular and respiratory: CA pneumo. PCN allergy: otitis media/GAS throat. SE GI and QT
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Erythromycin
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Macrolide. More GI S/Es. In fact it is Rxed to increase motility.
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Clarithromycin
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Macrolide. DOC Legionella Chlamydia pneumonia MAC
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Azithromycin
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Macrolide. Chlamydia in pregnancy. DOC Legionella Chlamydia pneumonia MAC. Least drug interactions.
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Chloramphenicol
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Binds 50s. Highly toxic. Gray baby syndrome Aplastic anemia (irreversible)
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Clindamycin
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Binds 50s. Anaerobes and gram + cocci and toxin producers. DOC Aspiration pneumo Mixed infections. SE diarrhea (can cause C. diff) rash rxn in %10
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Mupirocin
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Topical protein inhibitor for Staph/Strep
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Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
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Bind 50s and inhibit sequential steps. Resistant E faecalis and MRSA. Central line only. Very toxic: myalgia/arthralgias. Drug interactions
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Linezolid
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Binds 50s. Good for gram +s TB. DOC VRSA. IV or PO. SE Pancytopenia Serotonin syndrome Optic neuropathy
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Isoniazid
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1st line TB incl prophylaxis. Stops mycolic acid synthesis. Metabolism genetically controlled. SE hepatitis PN anemia (give B6)
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Rifampin
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1st line TB and leprosy. Inhibits RNA polymerase. SE hepatitis flu-like dz red color to body fluids. P450 INDUCER
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Pyrazinamide
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1st line TB. Mech unk. SE hepatitis hyperuricemia
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Ethambutol
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1st line TB and MAC. Inhibits cell wall. SE optic neuritis/color loss hyperuricemia
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Rifabutin
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Rifamycin. Inhibits RNA polymerase.1st line MAC incl prophy in HIV+. SE hepatitis flu-like dz red color to body fluids.
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Clofazamine
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Leprosy drug. Inhibits DNA. Dyes skin brown
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Amphotericin B
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Gold standard Antifungal. Creates pores through ergosterol. DOC Crypto Coccidio Aspergillus Mucoraceae. SE infusion rxn (fever NV hypotension etc) nephrotoxicity anemia
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Nystatin
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Polyene Antifungal. Mech pores through ergosterol? Related to Amphotericin B. Candida. Too toxic for systemic use.
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What are the Azoles
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Imidazoles: Ketoconazole Clotrimazole Miconazole Triazoles: Fluconazole Itraconazole Voriconazole Posaconazole
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Azole Info
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Inhibit ergosterol synthesis. P450 Inhibitors. Hepatic toxicity gynecomastia via testosterone inhibitition
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Ketoconazole Clotrimazole Miconazole
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Imidazoles.
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Fluconazole
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Triazole. Good CSF. DOC Candida Cryptococcal and Coccidiodes meningitis
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Itraconazole
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Triazole. Good for Histo Blasto Sporothrix
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Voriconazole
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Triazole. Good CSF. DOC Aspergillus. Good for Candida and Coccidio. SE Vision problems.
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Posaconazole
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Triazole. New. Prophylaxis only. SE hepatic and visual
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Capsofungin
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Antifungal. B-Glucan (fungal cell wall) synthesis inhibitor. DOC Candida Aspergillus. Few SE
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5-fluorocytosine (5-FC)
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Blocks DNA and protein synthesis. Synergy w/ AMB for Cryptococcus and Candida. SE chemo drug: NV penias colitis
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Maraviroc
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HIV drug. Inhibits binding/entry by antagonizing CCR5. SE hepatotoxicity. CYP3A4 drug
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Enfuviritide
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HIV drug. Inhibits fusion by binding gp41 subunit on viral envelope. SE rxn at injection site.
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Raltegravir
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HIV drug. Inhibits integrase. SE ND headache elevated creatinine
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What are the NRTIs
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Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Zidovudine Didanosine Lamivudine Abacavir
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NRTI info:
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HIV drugs. Purine/pyrimidine analogs that lack 3' hydroxyl. SE lactic acidosis (anion gap) elevated enzymes from liver and pancreas
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Zidovudine
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NRTI. SE bone marrow suppression lipoatrophy myopathy
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Didanosine
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NRTI. SE pancreatitis PN
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Lamivudine
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NRTI. SE hypersensitivity (HLA-B*5701 association)
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Abacavir
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NRTI. Also active against Hep B. SE minimal
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Delavirdine
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Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. Binds directly to RT and doesn't require phosphorlyation first.
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Efavirenz
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Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. SE SJS rash hepatotoxicity CNS teratogenic false + cannabis hyperlipidemia
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Nevirapine
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Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor. Binds directly to RT and doesn't require phosphorlyation first.
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What are the protease inhibitors
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Saquinavir Ritonavir Indinavir "navir"
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Protease inhibitor info:
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Inhibit HIV protease and prevent maturation. SE hepatotoxic metabolic (hyperglycemia/lipidemia fat hump etc) CYP3A4
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Saquinavir
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Protease inhibitor. SE headache QT/PR interval elevated liver enzymes
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Ritonavir
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Protease inhibitor. SE elevated liver enzymes and triglycerides pancreatitis. Strong CYP3A4 inhibitor
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Indinavir
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Protease inhibitor. SE hyperbilirubin kidney stones
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Acyclovir
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(uptake by thymidine kinase) nucleoside analog. Good for HSV1/2 VZV and EBV. SE NVD headache
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Famciclovir
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nucleoside analog. Better intracellular. Good for HSV VZV
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Penciclovir
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nucleoside analog. Better intracellular. Good for HSV VZV
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Foscarnet
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Antiviral. Inhibits DNA polymerase or HIV reverse transcriptase. Good for all Herpes plus HIV. SE nephrotoxic electrolyte disturbance seizures
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Ganciclovir
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nucleoside analog. Esp good for CMV. SE myelosuppression GI
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Idoxuridine
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Antiviral. DNA inhibitor. Topical for ocular HSV
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Trifluridine
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Antiviral. DNA inhibitor. Topical for ocular HSV
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Vidarabine
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Antiviral. Nucleoside analog. Good for herpes pox rhabdo and hepadnaviruses. SE GI neurotoxic PN penias
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Zanamivir
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Influenza A and B. Blocks viral release from cell (neuraminidase). Inhaled. SE ND headache cough BRONCHOSPASM
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Oseltamivir
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Influenza A and B. Blocks viral release from cell (neuraminidase). Oral. SE NV psych
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Amantadine
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Influenza A. Blocks uncoating (M2). Resistance widespread. SE GI CNS teratogenic
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Rimantadine
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Influenza A. Blocks uncoating (M2). Resistance widespread. SE GI CNS teratogenic
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Chloroquine
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Antiparasitic. Inhibits heme polymerase. Malarial: blood schizonts + prophy. Also systemic amebas. SE GI pruritis in blacks retinopathy
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Hydroxycholoroquine
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Antimalarial. Good for prevention and tx. SE eye problems and G6PD hemolysis
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Quinine/Quinidine
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Antimalarial. Inhibits heme polymerase. Active against blood schizonts of most strains. SE Cinchonism Hypoglycemia Hypotension displaces Digitalis
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Mefloquine
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Antimalarial. Mech unk. Active against blood schizonts. Also prophy. Resistance in SE Asia only. SE psych Cardiotoxic Seizures.
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Atovaqone/Proquanil
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Antimalarial. Active against tissue and blood schizonts. Also prophy. Also Toxo and P jirovecii
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Primaquine
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Antimalarial. Active against tissue schizonts and gametocytes. Prophylaxis also. SE G6PD hemolysis
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Pyrimethamine-sulfasoxine
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Antimalarial. Active against Chloroquine-resistant strains.
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Iodoquinol
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Antiparasitic. Good for lumenal Amebiasis cysts. SE gas dry mouth pruritis/hives
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Diloxanide furoate
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Antiparasitic. Good for lumenal Amebiasis cysts. SE D rash PN optic neuritis
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Paromomycin
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Antiparasitic Aminoglycoside. Good for lumenal Amebiasis cysts. SE D rash PN optic neuritis
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Emetine/Dehydroemetine
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Antiparasitic. Protein inhibitor. Systemic amebicide (liver). SE N rash cardiotoxic weakness
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Quinacrine
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Antiparasitic. Binds to membrane. Giardiasis. SE V dizziness headache psychosis skin problems
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Sulfadiazine
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Antiparasitic Sulfa. DOC Toxo (w/ pyrimethamine and leucovorin).
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Miltefosine
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Antiparasitic. Oral vs Leishmaniasis. SE NV
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Nitazoxanide
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Antiparasitic. Mech unk. Active against parasites bacteria and viruses. DOC Cryptosporidium (diarrhea in AIDS pt)
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Albendazole
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Antihelminthic. Inhibits microtubules (paralyzes worm). Good for GI nematodes and cestodes. SE ND liver enzymes
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Mebendazole
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Antihelminthic. Inhibits microtubules (paralyzes worm). Good for GI nematodes. Fewest SE ND liver enzymes
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Thiabendazole
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Antihelminthic. Inhibits microtubules (paralyzes worm). Good for GI nematodes. Most SE ND liver enzymes
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Pyrantel pamoate
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Antihelminthic. Activates Nicotinics and paralyzes worm. Good for round/pin/hookworms in lumen. SE NVD
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Diethylcarbamazine
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Antihelminthic. Not in US. SE NV anorexia MAZOTTI rxn in onchocerciasis (hives fever eye problems)
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Ivermectin
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Antihelminthic. Opens GABA and paralyzes worm. DOC Onchocerciasis Strongyloidiasis. SE CNS mazotti-like rxn
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Praziquantel
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Antihelminthic. Opens membrane to Ca and paralyzes worm. DOC shistosomiasis (actually all trematodes and cestodes) SE GI anorexia
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Niclosamide
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Antihelminthic. Stops ATP production. DOC Taenia.
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