Alcohol, Tobacco And Other Issues

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substance other than food or vitamins that when takes in small quantities alters one’s physical, mental or emotional state.

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Drug

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are drugs that alter sensory perceptions, mood, thought processes, or behavior.

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Pyschoactive drugs

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nonevaluative term referring to drug taking behavior in general; regardless of whether the behavior is appropriate.

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Drug Abuse

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physiological state in which discontinued drug use results in clinical illness.

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Physical Dependence

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Use of a drug when it is detrimental to one’s health or well-being

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Drug Abuse

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Occurs when one takes a prescription or nonprescription drug for a purpose other than that for which It is medically approved

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Drug Abuse

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Use of alcohol and nicotine by those under the legal age

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Drug abuse

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Inappropriate use of prescription or nonprescription drugs

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Drug Misuse

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Psychological and sometimes physicals state characterized by a craving for a drug.

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Drug (chemical) dependence

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Users feel that drug is necessary for normal functioning.

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Drug (chemical) dependence

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Two types of Factors

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Risk Factors

Protective Factors

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Factors that increase the probability of drug use.

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Risk Factors

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Factors that lower the probability of drug use.

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Protective Factors

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People with a high number of risk factors are said to be__________________. While those who have few risk factors and more protective factors are said to be____________.

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vulnerable to drug abuse or dependence

resistant to drug abuse.

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Risk and protective factors can be either________or_______.

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genetic (inherited) or environmental

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4 Environmental Factors

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1. Personal Factors

2. Home and Family Life

3. School peer and groups

4. Sociocultural environment

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Family structure, family dynamics, quality of parenting and family problems can all contribute to drug experimentation by children and adolescents.

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Home and Family Life

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Include personality traits, such as impulsiveness, depressive mood, susceptibility to stress or possibly personality disturbances.

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Personal Factors

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Perceived and actual drug use by peers influences attitudes and choices by adolescents.

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School Peers and Groups

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Perceived support of drinking by peers is the single most important factor in an adolescent’s choice to drink.

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School Peer and Groups

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Notion of environmental risk includes the effects of sociocultural and physical setting on drug-taking behavior

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Sociocultural Environment

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Environmental risk for drug-taking can stem from one’s immediate neighborhood or from society at large.

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Sociocultural Environment

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Drugs that can be legally bought and sold in the marketplace, including those that are closely regulated like morphine: those that are lightly regulated, like alcohol and tobacco; and still others. That are not regulated at all, like caffeine.

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Legal Drug

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number one problem drug by almost any standard of measurement

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Alcohol

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One for whom alcohol consumption results in a medical, social, or other type of problem. They begin to experience personal, interpersonal, legal or financial problems because of their alcohol consumption.

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Problem Drinker

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Disease characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with drinking and continued use of alcohol despite adverse consequences.

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Alcoholism

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is a primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations

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Alcoholism

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Two (2) important characteristics of alcoholism

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1.Physical dependence on alcohol

2.loss of control over one’s drinking.

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Percentage of concentration of alcohol in the blood.

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Blood Alcohol concentration (BAC)

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COMMUNITY HEALTH PROBLEMS RESULTING FROM DRINKING

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1. Underage Drinking

2. Vehicular Accident

3. Unintentional Injuries

4. Intentional Violence

5. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

6. Alcohol Related Birth Defects (ARBD)

7. Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND)

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Range of disorders cause by prenatal exposure to alcohol

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

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Cause by drinking during pregnancy and include diagnoses

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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

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People with this might have problems with the heart, kidneys, or bones or with hearing.

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Alcohol Related Birth Defects (ARBD)

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People with this might have intellectual disabilities and problems with behavior and learning. They might do poorly in school and have difficulties with math, memory, attention, judgments and poor impulse control.

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Alcohol Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder (ARND)

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Is the psychoactive and addictive drug present in tobacco products such as cigarettes, e-cigarettes, cigars, smokeless or “spit” tobacco (chewing tobacco and snuff) and pipe tobacco

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Nicotine

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Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of disease, disability, and death

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Nicotine

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HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF TOBACCO USE

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1.increased risk for heart disease

2.lung cancer

3.chronic obstructive lung disease

4.stroke.

5. emphysema and other conditions

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The effects of second hand smoke indicated that adults and children who inhale the tobacco smoke of others (passive smoking) are also at increased risk for cardiac and respiratory illnesses.

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Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)

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(nonprescription drugs) drugs (Except tobacco and alcohol) that can be legally purchased without a physician’s prescription

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Over the counter drugs (OTC)

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Over the counter drugs (OTC) included are:

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1.internal analgestics

Ex: aspirin, acetaminophen (tylenol) and ibuprofen (advil)

2.cough and cold remedies (robitussin)

3. emetics

4.laxatives

5.mouthwashes

6.vitamins and many others.

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-Purchased only with a physician’s (or dentists) written instructions

-are also subject to misuse and abuse.

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Prescription Drugs

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Type of Misuse

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1.RE-USE OF PREVIOUSLY PRESCRIBED OTC DRUGS

2.GIVING OF ONE PERSON’S PRESCRIPTION DRUG TO ANOTHER.

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Drugs regulated by the “comprehensive dangerous drugs act of 2002” including all illegal drugs and prescription drugs that are subject to abuse and can produce dependence

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Controlled Substances

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Drugs that cannot be legally manufactured, distributed or sold, and that usually lack recognized medicinal value.

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Illicit ( illegal) Drugs

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ILLEGAL DRUG (CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES)

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1.Marijuana

2.synthetic marijuana

3.narcotics (opium, morphine, heroin)

4.cocaine and crack, cocaine 5.stimulants (amphetamines)

6.depressants (barbiturates, benzodiazapines)

7.club drugs and designer drugs 8.anabolic drugs (steroids)

9.inhalants (psychoactive breathable chemicals)

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The prevention and control of alcohol and other drug abuse required a knowledge of the:

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1.causes of drug-taking behavior

2.sources of illicit drugs

3.drug laws

4.treatment programs

5.community organizing skills

6.persistence

7.cooperation among a vast array of concerned individuals and official and unofficial agencies

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Progress is aimed at those who have never used drugs, and their goal is to prevent or forestall the initiation of drug use

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Primary Prevention

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Four basic elements play a role in drug abuse prevention and control

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1.education

2.treatment

3.public policy

4.enforcement

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-is to remove the physical, emotional, and environmental conditions that have contributed to drug dependency.

-aims to reduce demand for drugs

-aims to save money

-Aftercare the continuing care provided to the recovering former drug abuser, involves peer group or self-help-support group meetings

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Treatment

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Embodies the guiding principles and course of action pursued by governments to solve practical problems affecting society.

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Public Policy

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should guide the budget discussion that ultimately determine how much a community spends for education, treatment, and law enforcement.

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Public Policy

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in drug abuse prevention and control is the application of federal, state and local law to arrest, jail, bring to trial and sentence those who break drug law or break laws because of drug use.

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Law Enforcement

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Governmental agencies involved in drug abuse prevention, and treatment include a multitude of federal, state, and local agencies. It aims is to reduce either the supply of or the demand for drugs.

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GOVERNMENTAL DRUG PREVENTION AND CONTROL AGENCIES AND PROGRAMS

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4 NONGOVERNMENTAL DRUG PREVENTION AND CONTROL AGENCIES AND PROGRAMS

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1.Community based drug education programs

2.school-based drug education programs

3.workplace-based drug education programs

4. voluntary health agencies

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occur in a variety of setting such as childcare facilities, public housing, religious institutions, businesses and health care facilities.

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Community-based drug education programs

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Most health educators believe that a strong comprehensive school health education program --one that occupies a permanent and prominent place in the school curriculum – is the best defense against all health problems, including drug abuse

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SCHOOL-BASED DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAM

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Had also become apparent to all that drug abuse is not just a personal health problem and a law enforcement problem, but that it also is a behavior that affects the safety and productivity of others especially at work.

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WORKPLACE-BASED DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAMS

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Substance abuses (1) are less productive (2) miss more workdays (3) are more likely to injure themselves and (4) file more workers compensation claims than their non-substance-abusing counterparts

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WORKPLACE-BASED DRUG EDUCATION PROGRAMS

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Drug prevention and control programs are carried out at the local level with the cooperation and effort of many communities’ members

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VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES

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Large number of voluntary health agencies have been founded to prevent or control the social and personal consequences of alcohol, tobacco and other drug abuse.

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VOLUNTARY HEALTH AGENCIES

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This Act, consisting of 101 sections, provides for importation of Dangerous Drugs and/or Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals. It establishes offences and penalty according to the different dangerous drug, regardless of the quantity and purity involved.

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Republic Act 9165 Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act