Airport And Airways Midterms

Front 1

Is a defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and takeoff of aircraft

Back 1

Runway

Front 2

Runways may be made from

Back 2

Man-made surface like asphalt, concrete or a mixture of both or a natural surface grass, dirt and gravel

Front 3

Runways are named by a number between

Back 3

01 and 36

Front 4

Runways are named by a number between 01 and 36 which is generally

Back 4

The magnetic azimuth of the runway'# heading in decadegrees

Front 5

A runway numbered 09 points to

Back 5

East

Front 6

A runway numbered 18 points to

Back 6

South

Front 7

A runway numbered 27 points to

Back 7

West

Front 8

A runway numbered 36 points to

Back 8

North

Front 9

TORA means

Back 9

Takeoff Run Available

Front 10

TODA means

Back 10

Takeoff Distance Available

Front 11

ASDA means

Back 11

Accelerate-Stop Distance Available

Front 12

LDA means

Back 12

Landing Distance Available

Front 13

EMDA means

Back 13

Emergency Distance Available

Front 14

The length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane taking off

Back 14

TORA (Takeoff Run Available)

Front 15

The length of the takeoff run available plus the length of the clearway, if clearway is provided

Back 15

TODA (Takeoff Distance Available)

Front 16

The length of the takeoff run available plus the length of the stopway, if stopway is provided

Back 16

ASDA (Accelerate-Stop Distance Available)

Front 17

The length of runway that is declares available and suitable for the ground run of an airplane landing

Back 17

LDA (Landing Distance Available)

Front 18

LDA or TORA plus a stopway

Back 18

EMDA (Emergency Distance Available)

Front 19

NAIA has a primary runway that is

Back 19

3737 meters or 12260 ft long

Front 20

NAIA has primary runway running at

Back 20

061°/241° or runway 06/24

Front 21

How long is the secondary runway of NAIA

Back 21

2367 meters or 7766 ft

Front 22

The secondary runway of NAIA is running at

Back 22

136°/316° or Runway 13/31

Front 23

Sections of Runway

Back 23

1. Runway safety area

2. Runway

3. Blastpads

4. Displaced thresholds

Front 24

Is the cleared, smoothed and graded area around the paved runway.

Back 24

Runway safety area

Front 25

It is kept free from any obstacles that might impede flight or ground roll of aircraft

Back 25

Runway safety area

Front 26

Is the surface from threshold to threshold, which typically features threshold markings, numbers and centerlines, but not overrun areas at both end

Back 26

Runway

Front 27

Also known as overrun areas or stopways

Back 27

Blast pads

Front 28

Are often constructed just before the start of a runway where jet blast produced by large planes during takeoff roll could otherwise erode the ground and damage the runway

Back 28

Blastpads

Front 29

Are also constructed at the end of runways as emergency space to slowly stop a plane on a rejected takeoff or a takeoff gone wrong

Back 29

Overrun areas

Front 30

Planes are not allowed to taxi, takeoff or land on this part except in an emergency

Back 30

Blastpads

Front 31

Marked with yellow chevrons

Back 31

Blastpads

Front 32

Runway markings

Back 32

1. Aiming point

2. Touchdown zone

3. Centerline

4. Threshold

Front 33

Consists of pattern of longitudinal stripes of uniform dimension placed symmetrically about the center line of the runway

Back 33

Threshold markings

Front 34

Usually provide to clear the obstructions in the flight path

Back 34

Threshold markings

Front 35

It is provide in the touch down zone it consists of rectangular pair marking placed symmetrically about the runway center line

Back 35

Touch down zone markings

Front 36

It is a broken white stripe which indicates the center of the runway and provides alignment guidance for aircraft

Back 36

Center line markings

Front 37

Serves as a visual aiming point for a landing aircraft

Back 37

Aiming point markings

Front 38

These two rectangular markings consists of a broad white stripe located on each side of the runway centerline

Back 38

Aiming point markings

Front 39

Runway markings

Back 39

1. Threshold markings

2. Touch down zone markings

3. Center line markings

4. Aiming point markings

Front 40

Are used at small airstrips and are usually just a strip of grass, gravel, ice, asphalt or concrete

Back 40

Visual runway

Front 41

They have no markings on this runway but they have threshold markings, designators and centerlines

Back 41

Visual runway

Front 42

Are often used at small to medium size airports

Back 42

Non precision instrument runways

Front 43

These runway may be marked with threshold markings, designators, centerlines and sometimes a 1,000 ft mark

Back 43

Non-precision instrument runways

Front 44

They provide horizontal position guidance to planes on instrument approach via non directional beacon

Back 44

Non-precision instrument runways

Front 45

Runways which are found at medium and large size airports

Back 45

Precision instrument runways

Front 46

Consist of a blastpad/stopway, threshold, designator, centerline, aiming point

Back 46

Precision instrument runways

Front 47

Types of Runway

Back 47

1. Visual runway

2. Non precision instrument runways

3. Precision instrument runways

Front 48

May be used for taxiing, takeoff and landing rollout but not for touchdown

Back 48

Displaced thresholds

Front 49

It is marked with white paint arrows that lead up to the beginning of the landing portion of the runway

Back 49

Displaced threshold

Front 50

Unidirectional (facing approach direction) or omnidirectional pair of synchronized flashing lights installed at the runway threshold, one on each side

Back 50

Runway end identifier Lights (REIL)

Front 51

a pair of four lights on each side of the runway in precision instrument runways, these lights extend along the full width of the runway.

Back 51

Runway end lights

Front 52

These lights show green when viewed by approaching aircraft and red when seen from the runway.

Back 52

Runway end lights

Front 53

white elevated lights that run the length of the runway on either side

Back 53

Runway edge lights

Front 54

On precision instrument runways, the edge-lighting becomes amber in the last _______ of the runway, or last third of the runway.

Back 54

2,000ft (600m)

Front 55

Taxiways are differentiated by being bordered by blue lights or having green center lights depending on the width of the taxiway and the complexity of the taxi pattern.

Back 55

Runway edge lights

Front 56

lights embedded into the surface of the runway at 50 ft (15m) intervals along the runway centerline on some precision instrument runways.

Back 56

Runway centerline lighting system (RCLS)

Front 57

-white except the last 900m (3,000 ft): alternate white and red for next 600m (1969) and red for last 300m (984ft)

Back 57

Runway Centerline Lighting System (RCLS)

Front 58

- rows of white light bars (with three in each row) at 30 or 60m (98 or 187ft) intervals on either side of the centerline for 900m (3,000ft)

Back 58

Touchdown Zone Lights

Front 59

installed along lead-off markings, alternate green and yellow lights embedded into the runway pavement.

Back 59

Taxiway centerline lead-off lights

Front 60

It starts with green light at about the runway centerline to the position of first centerline light beyond the Hold-Short markings on the taxiway.

Back 60

Taxiway centerline lead off lights

Front 61

installed the same way as taxiway centerline lead-off lights, but directing airplane traffic in the opposite direction.

Back 61

Taxiway centerline lead on lights

Front 62

a row of white pulsating lights installed across the runway to indicate hold short position on some runways thay are facilitating land and hold short operations (LAHSO)

Back 62

Land and hold short lights

Front 63

a lighting system installed on the approach end of an airport runway

Back 63

Approach lighting system

Front 64

consists of a series of light bars,strobe lights or a combination of the two that extends outward from the runway end

Back 64

Approach lighting system

Front 65

ALS means

Back 65

Approach Lighting System

Front 66

LAHSO means

Back 66

Land and Hold Short Operations

Front 67

RCLS means

Back 67

Runway Centerline Lighting System

Front 68

TDZL means

Back 68

Touchdown zone Lights

Front 69

Touchdown zone light is a rows of white light bars (with three in each row) at _______ intervals on either side of the centerline for 900m (3,000ft)

Back 69

30 or 60m (98 or 187ft)

Front 70

Runway lightings

Back 70

1. Runway end identifier lights

2. Runway end lights

3. Runway edge lights

4. Runway centerline lighting system

5. Touchdown zone lights

6. Taxiway centerline lead-off lights

7. Taxiway centerline lead-on lights

8. Land and hold short lights

9. Approach lighting system

Front 71

sometimes called tarmacadam or tarmac

Back 71

Macadam

Front 72

uniformly sized stones rolled or compacted in-place and usually sealed by an asphalt treatment that penetrates into the uppermost portion of the surface, or coated with tar or bitumen.

Back 72

Macadam

Front 73

Usually such surfaces are thin by typical airport standards, on the order of 1 to 2 inches (2 to 5 cm) thick

Back 73

Macadam

Front 74

a runway typically constructed of a mixture of compacted soils and stones with a surface that is not bound by any additives (neither asphaltic nor cementitious).

Back 74

Gravel runway

Front 75

Such runways are classified as "unpaved" and are sometimes referred to as "unimproved".

Back 75

Gravel runway

Front 76

a runway,taxiway or ramp that is surfaced with a mixture of asphaltic materials (asphalt and aggregate) of from 3 to 5 inches (8 to 13cm) or more in thickness.

Back 76

Flexible pavement

Front 77

This type of construction qualifies a runway to be referred to as "hard surfaces" or "paved"

Back 77

Flexible pavement

Front 78

-also known as an asphalt pavement

Back 78

Flexible pavement

Front 79

a runway, taxiway, or ramp that is surfaces with a mixture of concrete materials (portland cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water) of from 6 to 20 inches or more in thickness.

Back 79

Rigid pavement

Front 80

Typical narrow body runways usually have 11 to 13 inches of concrete thickness and runways that serve wide body aircraft usually have 17 to 20 inches of concrete thickness.

Back 80

Rigid pavement

Front 81

this type of construction qualifies a runway to be referred to as "hard surfaced"or "paved"

Back 81

Rigid pavement

Front 82

also known as concrete pavement

Back 82

Rigid pavement

Front 83

this type of runway is usually an unpaved (gravel) runway

Back 83

Seal coat

Front 84

the surface of which has been treated with a spray sealant (usually asphaltic or resinous) to create a well-textured, waterproof surface that typically has a total thickness of less than one inch

Back 84

Seal coat

Front 85

such surfaces generally do not stand up well to high tire pressures or high wheel loads, but if the surface is unbroken, the runway is considered paved (or hard surfaced)

Back 85

Seal coat

Front 86

a mixture of well-graded fine aggregate, mineral filler, emulsified asphalt and water, applied to a runway as a surface treatment.

Back 86

Slurry seal

Front 87

are generally only applied to previously paved surfaces.

Back 87

Slurry seals

Front 88

Runway pavement surface type

Back 88

1. Macadam

2. Gravel runway

3. Flexible pavement

4. Rigid pavement

5. Seal coat

6. Slurry seal

Front 89

Types of runway layouts/Runway configurations

Back 89

1. Single runway

2. Parallel runway

3. Open-v runway

4. Intersecting runway

Front 90

Simplest of the 4 basic configurations

Back 90

Single runway

Front 91

It is one runway optimally positioned for prevailing winds, noise, land use and other determining factors

Back 91

Single runway

Front 92

VFR means

Back 92

Visual flight rules

Front 93

IFR means

Back 93

Instrument flight rules

Front 94

Single runway during VFR conditions, this runway should accomodate up to _____

Back 94

99 light aircraft operations per hour

Front 95

Single runway under IFR conditions, it would accomodate between ______ depending on the mix of traffic and navigational aids available at that airport

Back 95

42 to 53 operations per hour

Front 96

There are 4 types of this runway. These are named according to how closely they are placed next to each other

Back 96

Parallel runway

Front 97

Operations per hour will vary depending on the total number of runways and the mix of aircraft

Back 97

Parallel runway

Front 98

In IFR conditions for predominantly light aircraft, the number of operations would range between 64 to 128 per hour

Back 98

Parallel runway

Front 99

Parallel runways in IFR conditions, the number of operations would range between

Back 99

64 to 128 per hour

Front 100

This runway should accomodate up to 99 light aircraft operations per hour

Back 100

Single runway

Front 101

In IFR condition, it would accomodate between 42 to 53 operations per hour

Back 101

Single runway

Front 102

Two runways that diverge from different directions but do not intersect form a shape that looks like an open V

Back 102

Open-V runways

Front 103

This configuration is useful when there is little to no wind as it allows for both runways to be used at the same time

Back 103

Open-V runways

Front 104

When the winds become strong in one direction, then only one runway will be used.

Back 104

Open-V runways

Front 105

Two or more runways that cross each other

Back 105

Intersecting runways

Front 106

This type of configuration is used when there are relatively strong prevailing winds from more than one direction during the year

Back 106

Intersecting runways

Front 107

With relatively light winds, both runways can be used simultaneously

Back 107

Intersecting runways

Front 108

An incident involving only a single aircraft, where it makes an inappropriate exit from the runway

Back 108

Runway excursion

Front 109

Example of Runway excursion is

Back 109

Thai Airways Flight 679

Front 110

An incident involving incorrect presence of a vehicle, person or another aircraft on the runway

Back 110

Runway incursion

Front 111

An incident involving incorrect presence of a vehicle, person or another aircraft on the runway

Back 111

Runway incursion

Front 112

Example of runway incursion is

Back 112

Tenerife disaster (Pan American World Airways Flight 1736 and KLM flight 4805

Front 113

An aircraft that lands short of the runway

Back 113

Runway undershoot

Front 114

Example of runway undershoot is

Back 114

British Airways Flight 38

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

Front 115

Is a 360° circle where 0/360° is North, 90° is East, 180° is South and 270° is west

Back 115

Compass

Front 116

All runways have ____ runway designator

Back 116

Two

Front 117

Runways may be used in ______ directions

Back 117

Two opposite

Front 118

An aircraft makes use of the wrong runway for landing or takeoff

Back 118

Runway confusion

Front 119

Example of runway confusion

Back 119

Singapore Airlines Flight 006

Western Airlines Flight 2605

Front 120

Types of runway safety incidents

Back 120

1. Runway excursion

2. Runway overrun

3. Runway incursion

4. Runway confusion

5. Runway undershoot

Front 121

Also known as overshoot

Back 121

Runway overrun

Front 122

A type of excursion where the aircraft is unable to stop before the end of the runway

Back 122

Runway overrun

Front 123

Example of runway overrun

Back 123

Air France Flight 358

Front 124

Back 124

Runway excursion

Front 125

Back 125

Runway overrun

Front 126

Back 126

Runway incursion

Front 127

Back 127

Runway confusion

Front 128

Back 128

Runway undershoot

Front 129

Back 129

Front 130

Back 130

Front 131

An incident involving incorrect presence of a vehicle, person or another aircraft on the runway

Back 131

Runway incursion