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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the 1952 London Smog Event? |
Four days of thick and deadly black smog had accumulated within London, 1952. 1000 tonnes of smoke, 2000 tonnes of carbon dioxide and 140 tonnes of hydrochloric acid were what composed this deadly smog. Also caused a temperature inversion. |
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What caused the 1952 London Smog Event? |
- overuse of chimneys, exhaust pipes and automobiles: this type of smoke climbs to an altitude high enough to disperse - People burnt cheap coal as opposed to fire wood |
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What were the impacts of the 1952 London Smog Event? |
- 4,000 people died during, more than 8,000 died in the weeks following - People would die even before getting the chance to see a doctor - Ambulances could not drive fast enough, as they could not see through the smog - People would come home covered in soot |
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What were the changes made to prevent events such as the 1952 London Smog Event from reoccurring? |
- Strict policies and regulations on the use of coal and other pollutants have been implemented. |
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What are the types and sources of air pollution? |
- Trace gases - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) - Particulate Matter - Criteria air contaminants - Persistent Organic Pollutants - Heavy Metals - Toxic air pollutants |
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What are trace gases? |
- Gases that make up less that 1% of the earths atmosphere |
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What are VOCs? |
Organic compounds that can vaporize in the air - human activity accounts for approx. half of VOCs - remains are from natural sources |
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What is Particulate Matter? |
Small solid particles and liquid droplets - gets suspended in the air - dust, pollen, mold |
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What are Primary Air Pollutants? |
Air pollutants emitted directly from a source, usually human induced - Smoke, chimneys, GHGs |
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What are secondary air pollutants? |
A pollutant that is not directly emitted from a source, but is a result of other pollutants reacting in the atmosphere - Sunlight + NOX + VOCs = Ozone - Photochemical Pollution (formation is facilitated by sunlight) |
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What are the three types of air pollution travel? |
- Airflow Patterns - Height of emission - Atmospheric Lifetime |
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What are the three types of airflow patterns? |
- Diffusion - Wind Patterns - Convection |
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What are the impacts of air pollution? |
- Death - respiratory illnesses - eye irritation - other illnesses |
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MONTREAL PROTOCOL: What is it about? |
- Aims to stop deterioration of ozone layer |
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MONTREAL PROTOCOL: What are the issues considered in the Montreal protocol? |
- the production of chlorofluorocarbons lead up to the reaction with ozone molecules, destructing them and causing a hole in the ozone layer |
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MONTREAL PROTOCOL: What were the actions taken in the Montreal protocol? |
- Changes were created through policy makers, industrialists, technologists and politicians - World groups partnered up to destroy the use of chlorofluorocarbons - Substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons have been introduced |
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MONTREAL PROTOCOL: How was it successful? |
- by 1990's all damaging sources have been stopped - Ozone Layer has stabilized - Chlorofluorocarbons are no longer used - Effects are no longer significant on atmosphere or stratosphere |
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Concentrations os common air pollutions have dropped, the main reasons are a) Technological advancements; increased forestation b) Strict regulations of emissions released from automobiles; strict regulations on industrial emissions c) Strong urban form; enhanced infrastructure |
b) Strict regulations of emissions released from automobiles; strict regulations on industrial emissions |
