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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Three parts of plan making. |
1. Goals and visions 2. Analysis of current problems 3. Creation and evaluation of alternatives |
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Strategic Planning - 8 Elements |
Analyze the community or organization's needs Identify results - what long-term objectives will be pursued? Admit uncertainties - SWOT as it relates to objectives Involve strategic stakeholders Develop and evaluate alternatives Identify role of city Develop a funding plan Evaluate performance |
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Visioning |
Process where citizens attend series of meetings to offer input on how community could be in future. Early in planning process; 20-30 year timeframe. |
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Tribal Planning |
Engages tribal government leaders, residents, businesses in preparing plans and administering planning processes in support of tribal community. |
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Common map scales |
1:24,000 - 1 inch represents 2000 linear feet 1:62,500 - 1 inch = 0.98 miles 1:500,000 - 1 inch = 7.89 miles 1:2,000,000 - 1 inch = 31.57 miles |
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USGS map scale |
1:24,000 |
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Three basic map projection types |
Conic Cylindrical Planar |
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Three basic map projection types |
Conic Cylindrical Planar |
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Slope guidelines for urban development |
0-0.5% - no drainage, not suitable 0.5-1% - no problems, ideal for all types 1-3% - slight problems for large commercial areas; acceptable for residential 3-5% - major problems for commercial/industrial/large scale residential 5-10% - suitable for only specially-designed development |
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FAR |
Floor Area Ratio. Ratio of gross floor area of building to its ground area. |
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Descriptive statistics |
Describe the characteristics of a population |
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Inferential statistics |
Determine characteristics of a population based on observations made on a sample of that population. |
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Central tendency |
Typical or representative value of a dataset examples mean median and mode |
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Nominal data |
Mutually exclusive groups that lack intrinsic order. Race, Social Security number are examples. Mode is only appropriate measure of central tendency. |
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Ordinal data |
Uses that are ranked so that inferences can be made regarding the magnitude. Educational attainment or letter grades are examples. Mode and median are the only measures of central tendency that can be used. |
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Ordinal data |
Uses that are ranked so that inferences can be made regarding the magnitude. Educational attainment or letter grades are examples. Mode and median are the only measures of central tendency that can be used. |
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Interval data |
Ordered relationship with a magnitude. Temperature is an example. Mode and median are the only measures of central tendency that can be used. |
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Ratio data |
Has an ordered relationship and equal intervals. Distance is an example. Any form of central tendency can be used. |
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Types of variables |
Qualitative can be nominal or ordinal. Quantitative can be interval or ratio. Continuous have an infinite number of values. Dichotomous can only have two possible values. |
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Hypothesis testing |
Allows for the determination of possible outcomes and interrelationship between variables. Null hypothesis (H0) statement that there are no differences. Alternate hypothesis (H1) proposes the difference. |
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Hypothesis testing |
Allows for the determination of possible outcomes and interrelationship between variables. Null hypothesis (H0) statement that there are no differences. Alternate hypothesis (H1) proposes the difference. |
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Distribution |
Normal - symmetrical around mean. Bell curve. |
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Measures of dispersion |
Extent to which data differs from each other. Range Variance - average squared difference of scores from mean score of a distribution. Standard deviation - square root of the variance. Coefficient of variation - measures relative dispersion from mean and is calculated by SD/mean Standard error - standard deviation of a sampling distribution. Indicates degree of sampling fluctuation. Confidence interval - estimated range of values which is likely to include an unknown population parameter. |
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Statistical tests |
Chi square - provides a measure of the amount of difference between two frequency distributions. Tests goodness of fit of an observed distribution to a theoretical one. Z-score - measure of distance, in SD units, from the mean. Allows you to determine the probability that something will happen. T-test - allows comparisons of means of two groups to determine how likely the difference occurred by chance. Need to know # of subjects, difference between means, and SD. ANOVA - analysis of variance. Compares the means of more than two samples. Correlation - strength of relationship between two variables. Correlation coefficient is type and strength of relationship, from -1 to 1. Square is r2. Regression - effect of independent variables on dependent variable. |
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Linear method |
Uses growth/decline rate to estimate current or future population |
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Exponential and Modified Exponential Method |
Rate per year. Modified assumes a cap for change. Gompertz has growth slowest at beginning and speeding up over time. |
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Symptomatic |
Uses available data to estimate current population - census, building permits, water taps, phone lines, voter registration, utility connection. |
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Step-down ratio |
Uses ratio of population in city to region to estimate current/future population |
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Step-down ratio |
Uses ratio of population in city to region to estimate current/future population |
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Distributed Housing Unit Method |
Housing units x occupancy rate x persons per household. Only reliable for stable communities or those with slow growth. |
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Step-down ratio |
Uses ratio of population in city to region to estimate current/future population |
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Distributed Housing Unit Method |
Housing units x occupancy rate x persons per household. Only reliable for stable communities or those with slow growth. |
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Cohort Survival Method |
Current population + natural increase + net migration
Calculated for men and women in specific age groups. Specific time intervals are used; eg 5-10 years. |