Adolescent Psych 1

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Inventionist View 1920s-1930s.

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Adolescence is a sociohistorical creation. Especially important in this view are the sociohistorical circumstances at the beginning of the 20th century, a time when legistlation was enacted that ensured the dependency of youth and made their move into the economic sphere more manageable. School, work and economics are important. Mandated all children under 14 go to school. During depression- no jobs for kids.

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Contexts

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Settings/Enviornments; Influenced by social, historical, economic and cultural factors.

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Development

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The pattern of change that begins and conception and ends at death.

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Cohorts Effect

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Refers to effects due to a person's Date of Birth, era or generation but not to their actual chronological age.

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Millennials

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The generation born after 1980, first to come of age and enter emerging adulthood in the new millenium. Two distinct characteristics:: 1. Ethnical diversity; 2. Connection to Technology

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Adolescent Generalization Gap

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Adelson's concept of generalizations about adolescents based on information regarding a limited, often highly visible group of adolescents.

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Positive Youth Development (PYD)

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Emphasizes the strength of youth and positive qualities and developmental trajectories that are desired for youth. Birth of Positive Psychology.

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5 "C"s of PYD

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1. Competence 2. Confidence 3. Connection 4. Character 5. Caring/Compassion

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Biological Processes

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Physical changes in an individual body. Genes, height, weight, development of the brain, etc.

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Cognitive Processes

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Changes in thinking and intelligence. Math problems, imagination, etc.

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Socioemotional Processes

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Changes in personality, emotions, relationships with people, and social contexts. Talking back to parents/aggression, assertiveness, gender-roles, etc.

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Nature vs. Nurture

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Genetics/Biology vs. Enviornment

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Coninuity Vs. Discontinuity

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Steady rate of growith vs. Stages (Piaget)

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Early Experience Vs. Later Experience

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Whats more effective, earlier or later experiences.

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Erikson's 8 Stages

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Developmental changes occur throughout lifespan. 8 Stages: 1. Trust vs. Mistrust. 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt. 3. Initiative vs. Guilt. 4. Industry vs. Inferiority. 5. Identity vs. Identity Confusion. 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation. 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation. 8. Integrity vs. Despair.

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Piaget's Formal Operational Stage

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Age 11+ -- Child develops ability to think abstractly.

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Glen Elders Life Course Theory

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1. Consider ones life in its Historical time & place. 2. Consider timing of events and social roles. 3. Consideration given to interdependence and the connections among lives. 4. Considers the role of human agency and social constraints in decision making.

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Glen Elders Essay Question

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"Within the constraints of ones circumstances, people are planful and choose among options in constructing their life course. " ---- We all make choices about our lives, but we all have different constraints. Religious, financial, intellectual, cultural -- Make choices based on limitations.

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Planful Competence

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50yr study of 60males and females. "Planful Competence" in late adolescence was associated with occupational and family success. 1. Self-Confidence. 2. Dependibility. 3. Intellectual Investment.

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Correlational Research

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Positive Correlation: If one stimuli is pos and the other is pos. Or if one is neg and other is neg.
Negative Correlation: If one is pos and the other is neg, or vice versa.

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Independent Variable

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The stimuli that is manipulated

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Dependent Variable

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The stimuli that is measured

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Cross-Sectional Research

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Research that studies people all at one time.

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Longitudinal Research

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Research that takes place over a period of time, usually several years or more.

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Time Span of Research

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Combines both Cross Sectional and Longitudinal Research.

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Adolescence

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Developmental period of transition from childhood into adulthood; involves biological cognitive, and socioemotional changes. Begins around 10-13 and ends in the late teens. Abstract thinking processes and independence.

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Early Adolescence

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Developmental persiod that corresponds roughly to the middle school/junior high years and includes most pubertal changes.

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Late Adolescence

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Developmental period that corresponds approximately to the latter half of the second decade of life. Career interests, dating and identity exploration are often more pronounced in late adolescence than early adolescence.

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Emerging Adulthood

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Developmental period occuring from approximately 18-25yrs; this transitional period between adolescents and adulthood is characterized by experimentation and exploration.

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Resilience

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Adapting positively and acheiving successful outcomes in the face of significant risks and adverse cirumstances.

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Monozygotic

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Identical Twins; one egg, one sperm

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Dizytoic

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Fraternal Twins; two eggs, two sperm.