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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Erik Erikson on Socioemotional Development |
Life presents us with tasks/challenges Positive vs Negative pole Favorable Ratio don't want to shelter child greater pull toward the positive leads to development of life virtue Epigenetic Principle one stage in life affects the other stages |
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Trust vs Mistrust Stage |
Trust care is predictable and consistent virtue of hope secure relationships perseverance Too much Trust naive and gullible Mistrust care and attention is not consistent Too much Mistrust withdrawal, depression, paranoia |
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Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt Stage |
Autonomy child learns they can make things happen virtue of will pride and confidence Too much Autonomy impulsiveness Shame kid is punished harshly for accidents Doubt kid is overprotective Too much Shame and Doubt compulsiveness everything must be done to perfection |
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Initiative vs Guilt Stage |
Initiative kid is encouraged to have ideas and voice virtue of purpose Too much Initiative ruthlessness don't care who they step on Guilt kid is put down for their idea critical parents Too much Guilt inhibition afraid to have an opinion |
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Industry vs Inferiority Stage |
Industry production kid is encouraged to produce/create things virtue of competence feel able to perform tasks feel successful Too much Industry narrow virtuosity kid is not allowed to be a child child actors, athletes, musicians Inferiority kid is told they cannot do things correctly Too much Inferiority inertia do nothing totally give up
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Identity vs Confusion Stage |
Identity major, career, religion sexual orientation, personality synthesis of people you admire comes from exploration flexible secure virtue of fidelity Too much Identity fanaticism faithful in your beliefs Confusion not knowing who you are or what you want can be a good thing Negative Identity anger, turn to drugs, crime, gangs feel they can't contribute to society |
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Intimacy vs Isolation Stage |
Intimacy feel you can emotionally open up to someone finding yourself, yet losing yourself in another virtue of love Isolation emotional withdrawal can be healthy to a point Too much Isolation exclusion isolate from all love can't sustain relationships |
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Generativity vs Stagnation |
Generativity feeling of contribution to future goals passing ideas, religion, skills virtue of contentment feel satisfied with your life Too much Generativity overextension don't relax have too much to give Stagnation feel you did nothing with your life feel stuck in a job, marriage, life role Too much Stagnation rejectivity stop caring about others bitterness towards life and others |
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Integrity vs Despair Stage |
Integrity feeling satisfied with life understanding there is order in one's life see life's mistakes as inevitable virtue of wisdom Too much Integrity presumption focus on things they did right not things they did wrong Despair feeling regret for what cannot be changed Too much Despair destain disgusted at everything negative view on life and death |
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Diana Baumrind and Parenting Styles |
four styles of parenting based on two parents with the same style can have a mixed approach |
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Authoritarian Parenting Style |
high demandingness low responsiveness require obedience without compromise focus on what child is doing wrong parent believes order is best way to raise kids |
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Authoritative Parenting Style |
high demandingness high responsiveness negotiate and compromise rules encourage dialouge |
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Indulgent Parenting Style |
low demandingness high responsiveness few clean expectations of child focus on "unconditional love" and freedoms |
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Indifferent Parenting Style |
low demandingness low responsiveness univolved |
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What parenting style has the most emotional problems? |
Indifferent |
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Sibling Rivalry |
competition in the family we all want our parent's approval struggle to find place of significance want to feel superior to others have unique perceptions |
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Birth Order Theory and Alfred Alder |
personality is shaped by: parent's attitude gender roles if you have siblings age difference between you and your sibs |
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Only Child |
gets all the adult attention may become rival of other parent may be spoiled to over protected likes being center of attention prefer adult company |
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Eldest Child |
told to set an example for siblings need for perfection conservative achievement oriented need for power and affirmation protector |
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Middle Child |
rebel competitive need to prove themselves better than older child more flexible and diplomatic |
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Youngest Child |
others always took care of them may become dependent and selfish feels inferior to others can have fun and entertain others |
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Twins |
one is usually stronger or more active parents may see one as older and mature become a leader can have identity problems |
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Ghost Child |
child born after death of another child overprotected may rebel can't live up to the idealized memory |
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Adopted Child |
parents are so thankful, may spoil child may resent biological parents |
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Parent-Adolescnt Conflict |
usually over mundane issues curfew, chores, dating underneath is a serious issue not talked about drugs, sex, feelings or rejection minority of families experience high conflict highest conflict with parents who: have marital conflict use manipulation, and guilt prohibit teens Lowest Conflict Families authoritative |
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Conflict Perceptions |
teens view conflict as a way of: blowing off steam individuating themselves making statements about personal choices parents view conflict as: reaction of their values "losing the child" indiction of their failures as a parent tend to give more meaning to the conflict |
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Cycle of Mutual Distancing |
teens appear awkward parent becomes frustrated and withdraws Parents need to understand: teen is not rejecting them venting is a form of displacement importance of staying involved |
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TYeens and Divorce |
parenting styles change initially custodial turns to authoritarian non-custodial parent turns to indulgent Preoperational (Preschool) more overt reactions tend to blame themselves Concrete Operational loyalty issues Formal Operations (teens) isolate themselves |
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Parental Adjustment to Divorce |
depressed/angry parent=kid will have problems allow kids to see and express emotion BUT: keep adult issues with adults don't draw kids into fighting adults need other adults for emotional support |
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Consistency with divorce |
easier if kid stays in same house and school hardest if happens during transitional period |
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Remarriage |
reconstructed family younger children more accepting of step parent teens more difficult time with remarriage girls harder time accepting step parent |
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Adjustment Factors of Remarriage |
biological parents' reaction if show hate for ex's new spouse kids may not accept step parent out of fear of betrayal |
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Step-Family Structure |
more complex the family = the more difficult need to create new traditions |
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Step Parent's Approach |
kids will resist authoritarian approach need to earn child's trust and respect |
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Child Abuse |
any act or failure to act to a child under 18 non-accidental serious physical injury bruises, broken bones, cuts, burns shaking, biting, throwing, kicking, slapping non-accidental mental injury anxiety, depression, withdrawal sexual abuse and/or exploitation serious physical neglect prolonged or repeated lack of supervision inadequate medical care leave child under care of sex offender exposure to meth lab |
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Permissive Reporter (Child Abuse) |
anyone who see abuse is encouraged to report |
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Mandated Reporter (Child Abuse) |
applies to anyone who works with children volunteers, babysitters, foster parent, clergy must report any "suspected" abuse for: 1. victim under 18 years even if it comes from another person 2. perpetrator person who commits crime against minors age 14+ if you see it or if person tells you parents must report to childline failure to report: criminal liability licensing board may revoke license |
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County Agent and/or Police Must: |
ensure the safety of child immediately see the child within 48 hours of report contact parents within 24 hours of report report to judge who makes final decision if abuse is suspected all kids under 18 removed consider options for placement preference for placement = other family membs |
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James Marcia and Identity Statuses |
4 identity statuses crisis dilemma with a need for exploration commitment personal investment |
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Identity Moratorium |
"a suspicion of action" "time out" crisis no commitment to put off making a final decision example: undeclared major some tens try different personalities |
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Identity Foreclosure |
to prevent or block from exploring options no crisis goes right into commitment example: military, family business, marriage |
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Identity Diffusion |
no crisis no commitment example: no interest in dating, politics, career |
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Identity Achievement |
crisis commitment finding someone to marry declaring a major |
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MAMA Cycle |
moratorium - achievement |
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Ethnic Identity |
feelings about the symbols, values and history of cultural background Preschoolers ethnically unaware Elementary School ethnically ambivalent don't play importance of background Adolescence ethical awareness think about meaning behind group terms more aware of stereotypes |
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Helms-Phinney's Ethnic Identity |
Pre-Encounter Stage assimilated identity blend in with dominant culture minimizing culture of origin "American" Encounter Stage aware that not all cultures value dominant confront ethnic ID Alternating Stage bicultural identity move back and forth between 2 cultural IDs teens felt more "ethnic" Immersion Stage separation anxiety reject dominate culture exclusively focus on culture of origin guilt for "selling out" anger at dominate culture felt distant Emersion Stage uncomfortable with separation ID teens rationalized emotional conflict engaged in discussions Internalization Stage blended biculturalism strong ID with both dominate |
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School Identity |
everyone wants to fit in Top Dog Phenomenon go from oldest to youngest need to encourage clubs, sports, friendships |
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Clique |
small group of 3-12 hang out together feel they know each other well begins in elementary peaks at 6th grade |
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Crowds |
large impersonal group based on reputation jocks druggies nerds populars band nerds goth emo boarders scene kids nobodies normals independents |
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Sociometric Status |
popular good social skills leaders athletic and attractive accepted not leaders smart, outgoing majority of kids ambiguous average have friends normal neglected not disliked quiet, good students not social controversial liked and disliked class clown rejected disliked by all suspicious paranoid make up stories to impress |
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Cultivation Theory (Media Influence) |
media shows a person's worldview teen girls who watched soap operas think teen moms have easy lives Mean World Syndrome more tv = more likely to think world is danger |
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Social Learning Theory (Media Influence) |
more likely to imitate what they see in media heavy exposure to sex on tv violent video games do not cause aggression teens with depression and anxiety: had preference of violent games Cathartic Effect healthy outlet for anger and stress |
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Media Practice Model (Media Influence) |
teen individual differences depends on 3 things: 1. selection differ in preference not all teens like violent media pay attention to media that matches 2. interaction not all teens react the same depends on how they feel about it 3. application how much they use it use music/FB to cope with feelings to make a statement sensation seeking |
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Physical Aggression |
hitting, stealing, shoving poking, throwing weapon at school aggression = masculine more common in boys avoid if victim is strong |
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Verbal Aggression |
name calling teasing giggling sexual harassment make fun of way person dresses/talks boys and girls |
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Rational Aggression |
sabotage relationships gossip social exclusion girls |
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Passive Aggression |
do "innocent" things to hurt people "forget" to invite person silent treatment make faces behind back girls |
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Cyber Aggression |
cyberbullying email, text message blogs obscene racist sexist threatening |
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Bully Behavior |
bully or victim can be anyone why bully? makes them feel powerful |
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Common Reasons for Bullying |
1. Social Status envy attention 2. Poor Academic Skills strong predictor jealous of teach attention 3. Retaliation victim starts to bully like the power bully to prevent future attack 4. Social Identification identify with a group emotional bond us vs them prejudice unites 5. Self Preservation join bully to avoid being target bystander effect 6. Observational Learning parents, teachers, coaches 7. Displacement take anger out on others parents, siblings, teachers |
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Interventions |
should start in preschool adults need to teach: diversity and tolerance self management communication skills
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The Speaker |
prevent listener defensiveness using "I" statements address specific behavior use a dirt sandwich positive to bad news to positive again how to give someone bad news allow listener to respond |
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The Listener |
stay quiet listen eye contact paraphrase validating speakers words |
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Advice for Victims of Bullying |
tell someone ignore/avoid the bully agree with the bully's comments be assertive and confident get involved in clubs/groups be an active bystander |
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Impulse Control Disorders |
problems controlling emotions and behaviors begin in childhood/adolescents |
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) |
argue with authority lose temper instigate fights |
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Conduct Disorder |
violates rights of others destroy property, steal, fire setting |
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Intermittent Explosive Disorder |
"ticking bombs" verbal and physical aggression out of proportion to stressor no damage or injury at least 2x a week for 3 months |
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Kleptomania |
steal not needed for personal use or value not done out of anger or vengeance |
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Pyromania |
deliberate fire setting more than once not done for: monetary gain political expression hiding evidence |
