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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Peer
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Individuals who are about the same age or level of maturity
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Cohort
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A group of people born around the same time in the same place
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How do boys and girls differ nthe want hey spend time away from family?
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Boys: increase time alone
Girls: increase time with peers |
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How are adolescent friendships different from childhood friendships?
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Begin hanging out with larger groups. Groups are no longer defined by what they are doing (sports etc), but by more psychological factors.
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General trend for age segregation
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Created through the modern public school systems no child labor laws
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Social rank in a group
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Peers?
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Social comparison
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Provided by peer groups--upward and downward comparison
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How do cliques work?
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Groups of student's with similar interests
Graph shows fringe members belonging to various groups |
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How do adolescent groups segregate on race?
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It seems to be a volantarry seggregation
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Crowds
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Larg and looser groups --share common characteristics but may not interact with one another
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The perception that teens in other groups are all alike
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Outgroup homogeneity bias
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Conformity
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A change in behavior or attitudes brought by a desire to follow the beliefs or standards of others
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2 types of social pressure
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Informational social influence
Normative social influence |
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What issues to teens conform to?
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Everyday social matters: television, music,books
More likely to follow parents on beliefs and objective matters |
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Peer status categories
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Popular, controversial, rejected, neglected
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Popular peer status
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Mostly liked, high status
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Controvrsial peer status
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Liked by some, disliked by others
High status |
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Rejected peer status
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Uniformly disliked
Low status |
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Neglected peer status
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Neither liked nor disliked
Low status |
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Which peer status category leads to the best psychological outcome?
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Popular and controversial
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What are effects of rejection?
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Lead to academic problems, loneliness, depression, and behavior problems
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Why does rejection happen?
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In some cases rejection rests on the students' inability to accurately interpret the meaning of their peers behaviors
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Intimacy
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The feeling of emotional closeness and interconnectedness with another person
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Sulivan's basis for successful opposite-sex relationships
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Strong same sex bond were needed before building bonds with the opposite sex
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Erikson's order of intimacy and identity
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Male: identity before intimacy
Female: intimacy before identity |
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Current research on intimacy
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Sequence is not as important as acknowledging the link to adolescence
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Adolescence view on friendship
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Intimacy and loyalty are a key
Need fulfillment, emotional attachment, interdependence |
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What roles do teens play in their friendships with one another?
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Companionship
Stimulation Physical support Psychological support Social comparison A safe environment Intimacy and affection |
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Benefit of high quality friendship
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Better adjusted emotionally
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Self-disclosure
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Conversation In which information about the self is exchanged with others
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Role of self-disclosure
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Leads to increased intimacy
Descriptive self-disclosure: facts Evaluative set-disclosure: feelings |
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Importnce of conflict in friendships
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Learn to manage conflicts and control anger
Develop conflict-management skills |
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Some ways to make friends with peers
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Similarity
Reciprocity Proximity Gender |
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Social isolation
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Lonliness in which adolescents suffer from a lack of frien, associates, or relatives
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Emotional isolation
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Lonliness in which adolescents feel a lack of deep emotional attachment to one specific person
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Dating
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Individual-choice courtship in which boys and girls pair off together as couples in committed relationships
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Hooking up
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A more ambiguous term which may imply short term relationship or physical encounter
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What does dating fulfill for teens?
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It can build status and prestige
Provides a recreational quality to life Helps build identities |
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Dating scripts
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Cognitive models of what behavior and expectations are appropriate and inappropriate within the context of dating relationships
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How are dating scripts formed?
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Learned from peers, family, mass media
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Why is sex central to teen's lives
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Maturation
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What influences sexual arousal the most?
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The brain
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What percent of tens have had sex before the age of 20?
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80%
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What are norms?
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Societal rules-- group rules
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What is gender identity?
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The gender a person believes he/she is psychologically
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How do experts explain homosexuality?
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A mix of environmental and genetic factors
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What parenting style is associated with teens waiting longer to have sex?
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Authoritative/ supportive
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What are the reasons teens fail to use contraceptives?
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Lack of knowledge
Unrealistic views of sex |
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What is ether least effective method of contraception?
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Withdrawal
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What country has the highest teen pregnancy rate?
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U.S.
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Why might virginity pledges work?
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Provide a sense if identity to a group
Accountability |
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How many teens contact a STI before graduation?
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1 in 4
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Sexual harassment
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Unwanted sexual attention
The creation of a hostile or abusive environment Or explicit corsion to engage in unwanted sexual activity |
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Why is the transition from elementary to middle a challenge?
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Different classes, techs, students, larger class sizes, larger school
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What is the whole child?
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Every aspect of the student-- not just the academic side
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8 principles of the Carnegie study
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1. Create learning communities to make larger schools mo manageable and promote teacher/student relationships
2. Identify the common core of knowledge-- making a connection between disciplines 3. Provide opportunities for all students to succeed through the use of cooperative learning techniques 4. Prepare teachers for better middle school instruction 5. Support academic instruction by providing programs to address health and fitness needs 6. Involve parents and families 7. Give teachers and principles the ability to make changes in the curriculum and to use innovative teaching techniques 8. Connect education more effectively with the community by providing full-ser ice schools |
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Multicultural education
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Goal is to help minority students develop competence I the culture of a majority group while maintains positive group identities that build original cultures
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Cultural assimilation model
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An approach which the goal of education. Was to assimilate individual cultu identities into a unique American culture
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Pluralistic society model
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American society is made up of diverse, coequal cultural groups that should presee their individual cultural features
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Ultimate goal of bilingual education
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Gradually shift instruction into English
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Drawback to homeschooling
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Lack of social interaction
A parents the best equipped to tackle the sciences Parents lack the preparation |
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What percentage of high schoolers graduate?
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78%
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Drawback to homeschooling
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Lack of social interaction
A parents the best equipped to tackle the sciences Parents lack the preparation |
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How many students who start college will finish with a degree?
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40%
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What percentage of high schoolers graduate?
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78%
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Teacher expectancy effect
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The cycle of behavior in which a teacher transmits an expectation about a student and thereby actually brings about the expected behavior
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How many students who start college will finish with a degree?
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40%
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Claude Steel -- stereotype threat
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Women acceptance of society's stereotypes
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Teacher expectancy effect
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The cycle of behavior in which a teacher transmits an expectation about a student and thereby actually brings about the expected behavior
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Claude Steel -- stereotype threat
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Women acceptance of society's stereotypes
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