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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Analyze the different properties associated with the specific antigen receptors found on the cell membranes of "educated" T and B lymphocytes
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B-cell receptors have heavy and light chains, T-cell receptors have α and β chains
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Identify the two major tissue compartments in which T and B lymphocytes differentiate and mature.
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bone marrow and thymus
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Define the term tolerization and explore the reasons underlying this process.
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Destruction of T-lymphocytes that are self-reactive.
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Discuss the two major functions associated with secondary lymphoid organs.
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1 filter and concentrate foreign antigens, 2 site for cell-mediated immunity, production of antibodies and cytokines
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Summarize the important role that the "associated lymphoid tissues" performs in the host's defense against pathogens.
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contain T and B lymphocytes to combat microorganisms, especially in GI tract
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Identify the lymph node sites that sequester B and T lymphocytes.
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B: follicles and germinal centers. T: paracortex.
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Assess the role of dendritic cells in initiating adaptive immune responses.
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DC are APCs and have MHC II. Sample pathogens in the area of local infection, travel to a lymph vessel, and present to B cells to stimulate B-cells and adaptive immunity.
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Explain the intricate involvement of the TcR/MHC in the recognition of epitopes.
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TcR recognizes epitopes in the cleft of MHC Class II molecules of APCs
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Defend the statement "T lymphocytes can't see free antigen"
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T-lymphocytes can only respond to antigen that is bound to a MHC II molecule
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Discuss the reasons why CD4 lymphocytes are classified as T "helper" cells.
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secrete macrophage activating factor (cytokine) to enhance macrophage killing abilities, secrete other cytokines that induce clonal expansion in B cells when they present a recognizable antigen
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State the importance of memory cells and explain how they are derived.
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for long-term immunity, both memory and plasma cells are derived from clonal expansion of B cells
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Summarize the adverse effects associated with an individual's inability to recognize "self" from "non-self"
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autoimmmune diseases such as Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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variable region of a pathogen recognition receptor, term
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paratope
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Why are there so many different kinds of BcR and TcR's?
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random genetic recombination during development of B and T cells
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What percent of T lymphocytes survive "education"? Of B lymphocytes?
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T: 2%. B: 25%.
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origin of the term "bursa"?
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Bursa of Fabricius in chickens
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Where does differentiation of B cells occur during embryonic development? In adults?
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begin in the fetal liver until 3 months, then move to bone marrow
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How to B-cells move within the bone marrow as they mature?
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Move from the sub-endosteum to the central sinus of bone marrow
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during maturation, T and B lymphocytes do not come in contact with foreign epitopes. Term?
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exogenous antigen-independent environment
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Where are most antibodies in the body formed? Most common kind of antibody formed there?
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spleen
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The spleen specializes in synthesizing antibodies against what kind of organisms? Specific example?
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against polysaccharide encapsulated microorganisms, ex. streptococcus
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most common type of lymphoid tissue in the body?
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GALT
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dendritic cells of lymph node: aka, origin, fxn, location
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AKA: interdigitating dendritic cells (IDCs). ORIGIN: bone marrow APCs. FUNCTION: present antigens to T-lymphocytes. LOCATION: paracortex.
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What do cytokines secreted by a CD8 vs. a CD4 cell do?
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CD8 uses cytokines to kill a cell, CD4 uses cytokines to tell other cells (macrophages) to kill a cell
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L-selectin, fxn
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CAM that allows T cells to bind to HEVs
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CLINICAL APPLICATION: What clinical condition is associated with a low level of autoimmunity?
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reduced incidence of cancer due to increased recognition of neoplastic cells by CD8+ cells
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