Ace Personal Training - Terms 351-385

Front 1

Superior

Back 1

Anatomical term meaning higher or toward the head; opposite of inferior

Front 2

Supination

Back 2

Rotating into a supine position (e.g., turning the palms to face forward)

Opposite of pronation

Front 3

Supine

Back 3

The position of the body when lying face upward

Front 4

Sympathetic nervous system

Back 4

A division of the autonomic nervous system that activates the body to cope with some stressor (i.e., fight or flight response)

Front 5

Syncope

Back 5

A transient state of unconsciousness during which a person collapses to the floor as a result of lack of oxygen to the brain; commonly known as fainting

Front 6

Synergist

Back 6

A muscle that assists another muscle in its function

Front 7

Synovial fluid

Back 7

Transparent, viscous lubricating fluid found in joint cavities, bursae, and tendon sheaths

Front 8

Systole

Back 8

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle during which blood leaves the ventricles

Front 9

Systolic blood pressure

Back 9

The pressure exerted by the blood on the blood vessel walls during ventricular contractions

Front 10

Talk test

Back 10

A subjective method for measureing exercise intensity using observation of respiration effort and the ability to talk while exercising

Front 11

Target heart rate (THR)

Back 11

The number of heartbeats per minute that indicate appropriate exercise intensity levels for an individual; also called training heart rate

Front 12

Tendinitis

Back 12

Inflammation of a tendon

Front 13

Tendon

Back 13

Strong, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone

Front 14

Thrombosis

Back 14

The formation, development or presence of a blood clot (thrombus)

Front 15

Torque

Back 15

A force causing rotation about a fixed axis of rotation; the act or process of turning around on an axis

Front 16

Training heart-rate range

Back 16

Target heart rate represented as a range of numbers

Front 17

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Back 17

Momentary dizziness, loss of consciousness, or forgetfulness caused by a short-lived lack of oxygen (blood) to the brain; usually due to a partial blockage of an artery, it is a warning sign for a stroke

Front 18

Tranverse plane

Back 18

Anatomical term for the imaginary line that divides the body, or any of its parts, into superior and inferior parts; also known as the horizontal plane

Front 19

Triglyceride

Back 19

The storage form of fat consisting of three fatty acids and glycerol

Front 20

Tuberosity

Back 20

A projection or protuberance on a bone usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments

Front 21

Type 1 diabetes

Back 21

Form of diabetes caused by the destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, which leads to little or no insulin secretion; generally develops in childhood and requires regular insulin injections; formerly known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and childhood-onset diabetes

Front 22

Type 2 diabetes

Back 22

Most common form of diabetes; typically develops in adulthood, is characterized by a reduced sensitivity of the insulin target cells to available insulin and is usually associated with obesity; formerly known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and adult-onset diabetes

Front 23

Valsalva maneuver

Back 23

Forcefully attempting to exhale while preventing air from escaping

Front 24

Vasoconstriction

Back 24

Narrowing of the opening of blood vessels caused by contraction of the smooth muscle cells in the walls of the vessel

Front 25

Vasodilation

Back 25

Increase in diameter of the blood vessels, especially dilation of arterioles leading to increased blood flow to a part of the body

Front 26

Vasodilator

Back 26

An agent (motor nerve or drug) that acts to relax (dilate) a blood vessel

Front 27

Vegan

Back 27

A pure vegetarian who excludes all animal-derived foods from the diet

Front 28

Veins

Back 28

Blood vessels that carry blood, usually deoxygenated, to the heart

Front 29

Venous return

Back 29

Return to the heart of the circulatory fluids by way of the veins

Front 30

Ventricle

Back 30

One of the two (left or right) lower chambers of the heart. The muscular left ventricle pumps blood to the body; the smaller right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs

Front 31

Venule

Back 31

A very small vessel that collects blood from the capillaries and connects to the veins

Front 32

Viscoelastic

Back 32

A combination of elastic and plastic properties found in all connective tissue

Front 33

Vitamins

Back 33

Organic compounds that function as metabolic regulators in the body; classified as water soluble or fat soluble

Front 34

Waist-to-hip circumference ratio (WHR)

Back 34

A measure for determining health risk due to the site of fat storage; taken by dividing the abdominal girth (waist measurement) by the hip measurement to form a ratio

Front 35

Water soluble

Back 35

Dissolvable in water; relating to vitamins, those that require adequate daily intake since the body excretes excesses in the urine

Front 36

Wolff's law (of bone remodeling)

Back 36

Principle stating that bone is capable of adjusting is strength in proportion to the amount of stress placed on it