Ac - Anatomy And Physiology: Skeletal System

Front 1

Shape

Back 1

Your skeleton makes us look different from each other and it can also determine the types of sports that we play and are good at.

Front 2

Support

Back 2

The bones of the human body are very strong and provide the framework that prevents your body from collapsing into a heap on the floor.

Front 3

Movement

Back 3

The joints and muscles work together with your bones to allow us to run, walk, jump etc.

Front 4

Storage

Back 4

Act as a store for minerals and fats within the body. Calcium is store in the bones where as fats (triglycerides) are stored in the yellow bone marrow

Front 5

Protection

Back 5

Certain bones of the human body help to stop our important organs from being damaged.

Front 6

Blood Production

Back 6

Some of the long bones in the human body are responsible for the making red and white blood cells.

Front 7

Attachment of Soft Tissue

Back 7

The bones provide a surface for tendons and ligaments to attach muscles and bones. This enables the skeleton to give support and movement.

Front 8

Long Bones

Back 8

Bones which are longer than they are wide

Front 9

Short Bones

Back 9

Bones which are as wide as they are long

Front 10

Flat Bones

Back 10

Provide protection for major organs

Front 11

Irregular Bones

Back 11

These bones have an unusual shape

Front 12

Sesamoid Bone

Back 12

Short or irregular bones which are found within a tendon

Front 13

Axial Skeleton

Back 13

Provides the central axis of the skeleton and gives protection for vital organs
E.g. Cranium, sternum, ribs and vertebrae

Front 14

Appendicular Skeleton

Back 14

Provides movement and hangs off the axial skeleton
E.g. Shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle, upper and lower limbs

Front 15

Cervical Vertebrae

Back 15

7 vertebrae (neck)
Top two vertebrae (atlas and axis) help turn the neck - protects the spinal cord

Front 16

Thoracic Vertebrae

Back 16

12 vertebrae (chest)
Attached to the ribs and helps with breathing - protects the spinal cord

Front 17

Lumbar Vertebrae

Back 17

5 vertebrae (lower back)
In the area of the vertebral column where the greatest amount of movement occurs so bears a lot of weight - protects the spinal cord

Front 18

Sacral Vertebrae

Back 18

5 vertebrae (pelvic girdle)
They are fused together and make up part of the pelvic girdle

Front 19

Coccyx Vertebrae

Back 19

4 vertebrae (base of the spine)
Fused together. No specific function or purpose.

Front 20

Kyphosis

Back 20

Excessive curvature of the upper spine. Typically, the back appears hunched and more rounded than usual. Poor posture may contribute to its development over the years, but diseases affecting the spine - such as osteoarthritis or osteoporosis

Front 21

Lordosis

Back 21

Excessive inward curving of the lower back. Being overweight is a common cause. Weak abdominal muscles or poor posture may also be partly responsible.

Front 22

Scoliosis

Back 22

When the spine curves to the side. This occurs most often in the upper chest area or lower back and often there's no obvious cause. It's more common for women to develop scoliosis and it can run in families.

Front 23

Diaphysis

Back 23

The term used for the shaft (middle section) of a long bone

Front 24

Epiphysis

Back 24

The term used for the ends of a long bone

Front 25

Compact Bone

Back 25

The type of bone which forms the diaphysis, which has a central cavity which contains bone marrow

Front 26

Epiphyseal Plate

Back 26

The growth plate. Seperates the diaphysis and epiphysis. This is where the growth of bone takes place

Front 27

Cancellous Bone

Back 27

Spongy bone found in the epiphysis at the ends of long bones. Designed to cope with compression forces caused by muscular work and movement.

Front 28

Articular Cartilage

Back 28

A thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of bones. Here the bones of a synovial joint make contact.

Front 29

Periosteum

Back 29

A fibrous sheath that covers the surface of the bone. Has a rich supply of blood vessels providing nutrient blood for bone cells during growth and repair.

Front 30

Fibrous Joint

Back 30

- This allows no movement.
- It is a completely fixed and the bones are held together by fibrous, connective tissue

E.g. Cranium

Front 31

Cartilaginous Joint

Back 31

- This allows a small amount of movement.
- The bones are separated by cartilage.

E.g. Vertebrae

Front 32

Synovial Joint

Back 32

- Allows movement in one or more directions.
- Most common of the three joints.
- There are six types of synovial joints.

E.g. Ball and socket joint (shoulder)

Front 33

Pivot Joint

Back 33

Found in the neck (atlas and axis vertebrae) and at the joint of the radius and ulna

Front 34

Ball and Socket Joint

Back 34

Found in the shoulder and hip

Front 35

Hinge Joint

Back 35

Found in the elbow and knee

Front 36

Condyloid/Ellipsoid

Back 36

Found in the wrist and ankle

Front 37

Gliding Joint

Back 37

Found in the fingers and toes

Front 38

Saddle Joint

Back 38

Found in the thumb joint

Front 39

Synovial Fluid

Back 39

Lubricates a joint and helps to reduce friction

Front 40

Synovial Capsule

Back 40

Surrounds the joint and helps it move freely

Front 41

Cartilage

Back 41

It acts as the barrier between bones almost as a cushion. Sometimes made of hyaline and is very tough.

Front 42

Ligament

Back 42

Attaches bone to bone and helps to stabilise the joint. A tough fibrous and inelastic tissue.

Front 43

Flexion

Back 43

Decreasing the angle of a joint, or bending

Front 44

Extension

Back 44

Increasing the angle of a joint, or straightening

Front 45

Hyperextension

Back 45

Extending past the normal position

Front 46

Abduction

Back 46

Moving your limbs away from the side of your body

Front 47

Adduction

Back 47

Moving your limbs toward the side of your body

Front 48

Rotation

Back 48

Moving a body part around an axis

Front 49

Circumduction

Back 49

Moving a body part along a circular path

Front 50

Plantar flexion

Back 50

Pointing the foot downwards

Front 51

Dorsi flexion

Back 51

Pointing the foot upwards

Front 52

Horizontal flexion

Back 52

Bending a joint along a horizontal plane

Front 53

Horizontal extension

Back 53

Straightening a joint along a horizontal plane

Front 54

Supination

Back 54

Palm of the hand facing upwards

Front 55

Pronation

Back 55

Palm of the hand facing downwards

Front 56

Inversion

Back 56

Foot faces inwards

Front 57

Eversion

Back 57

Foot faces outwards

Front 58

Lateral flexion

Back 58

Sideways bending of the trunk

Front 59

Lateral extension

Back 59

Returning the trunk to the midline of the body after bending

Front 60

True or false?
Density of bone increases

Back 60

True

Front 61

True or false?
Joints are stronger

Back 61

True

Front 62

True or false?
Synovial capsule increases in size

Back 62

False

Front 63

True or false?
Bones grow faster

Back 63

False

Front 64

True or false?
Greater production of synovial fluid

Back 64

True

Front 65

True or false?
Bones become more flexible

Back 65

False

Front 66

True or false?
Strengthens bones

Back 66

True

Front 67

True or false?
Reduces the chance of osteoporosis

Back 67

True

Front 68

True or false?
Length of bone increases

Back 68

False

Front 69

True or false?
Joints have increased flexibility

Back 69

True

Front 70

True or false?
Increased thickness of articular cartilage at the ends of bones

Back 70

True

Front 71

True or false?
Cartilage has greater shock absorption

Back 71

False

Front 72

True or false?
Tendons become thicker and better at withstanding force

Back 72

True

Front 73

True or false?
Ligaments become slightly stretched

Back 73

True