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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What increases membrane fluidity?
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Cholesterol
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What is responsible for cell's charge?
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Na/K ATPase, 3 Na out, 2 K in
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What is Na gradient used for?
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co-transport of glucose, proteins, and other molecules
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What molecular structure is responsible for impermeable barrier?
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Tight junction
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Allows communication between cells. What is subunit?
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Gap junctions; connexin subunits
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ABO blood type antigens are what on cell membrane
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Glycolipids
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HLA type antigens are what on cell membrane
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Glycoproteins
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Which phase of cell cycle determines length? Growth factors affect cell during this phase.
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G1
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Where are ribosomes made?
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Nucleolus
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Steroid hormones binds receptor in ___
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Cytoplasm
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Thyroid hormone binds receptor in ___
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Nucleus
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Which are purines?
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Guanine, adenine
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Which are pyrimidines?
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Cytosine, thymidine, uracil
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Glycolysis uses __ glucose molecule to generate __ ATP and __ pyruvate
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1, 2, 2
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Mitochondria have __ membranes
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2; what takes place on inner?
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Krebs cycle
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Krebs cycle generates what from what
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NADH and FADH2 from 2 pyruvate molecules. Where do NADH and FADH2 go?
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Electron transport chain
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Overall, 1 glucose generates how many ATP
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36
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Gluconeogenesis uses what
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lactic acid (Cori cycle) and amino acids
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Why can't fat and lipids be used for gluconeogenesis
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Acetyl CoA can't be converted to pyruvate
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Where does Cori cycle take place
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Liver
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Job of smooth ER
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lipid/steroid synthesis, detoxifies drugs. Where is smooth ER increased?
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Liver and adrenal cortex
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Golgi apparatus does what (mechanism)
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Modifies proteins with carbs, then transports them to cell membrane, then secreted. Or targets to lysosomes.
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Difference btw phagosomes and endosomes
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Phago - engulfs large particles; endosomes - engulfs small particles. Both do what to complete process?
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Fuse with lysosomes.
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Protein kinase C activated by what
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Calcium and diacylglycerol (DAG). Then does what?
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Phosphorylates other enzymes and proteins
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Protein kinase A activated by what
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cAMP. Then what?
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Phosphorylates other enzymes and proteins
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Myosin is the __ filament
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Thick. It does what how exactly.
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Uses ATP to slide along actin to cause muscle contraction.
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Actin is the __ filament
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Thin.
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What are examples of intermediate filaments?
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Keratin, desmin, vimentin. Where is each found?
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Keratin - hair/nails
Desmin - muscle Vimentin - fibroblasts |
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Microtubules form what?
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Specialized cellular structures such as cilis, neuronal axons, and mitotic spindles. What is an eg of specialized MT?
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Centriole
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