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128 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 phase of digestion
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cephalic
gastric intestinal |
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most potent stimulats of gasrin
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luminal peptides and amino acids
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where is somatstat relased
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antral d cells
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what part of the stomach is G cells made in
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antral
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acidifcation of the duodenum cuases release of what
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release of secrtin and GIP
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what does secertin do
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inhibits the release of gastrin and stimulates the release of bicarbonate from the pancrease
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Most potent inhibot of gastr secrtion
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luminal acid
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exposere of free amino acid and long chain fatty acid
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release of CCK
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what metabolic Ab in 1 hyperparathyrid
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hypercholremic
Metabolic acidosis due to excertion of HCo3 |
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blood supply to in and sip parathroid
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inferior thyroid artery
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what factors does Vit K affect
what has the shortest half life what has the longest |
279 10 protein C and S
7 shortest 10 longest absorbed in the TI carrier mediated |
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OPSS is lowest following what
and greatest |
Truama and high splenctomy and and hemotologic disorders
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where is Vit K absorbed
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terimul iliuem
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MCC cells in the anterior piturary
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somatrophs that produce GH
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CO half life on RA
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240 min
40 min on 02 cant dz with 02 must use carboxyhemoglobin |
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Factor 8 is made where
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endotheial cells can not use use it for liver faliure
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Most common defeifincy of Copper
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Micorcyti anemai neutropenia
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what does defciney of chromin cuase
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insulin resistance
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what are essinetal fatty acids
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lenolice acid and linleic acid
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defiency of essential fatty acid
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dermatitis fatty liver
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MCC paraneoplastic of small cell
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cushings ACTH
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blood supply to lastissum doris
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thoracodorsal
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blood supply to serrtau anterior
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lateral thoracic artery
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lung lesion that will cuase cavitiaon
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squamons
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what are teh prokintic agenst
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cisapride erthomycin ocertocidte
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herpain catalzyes inactivat of
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2 9 10 11 12
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what drugs increase warafin
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metro cimetidine tmpsx
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what decrease warafin
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rifmapin
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what is the accesory duct of pancrease
what is main duct |
santori
wirsung |
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where is motlili relase from
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enterochomaffin cells
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what hormones come from tyrosine
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dopaime epinephirne norehpine
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what hormone comes from tyrptoan
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serotinin
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what hormone comes from glutamtae
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GABA
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where do the intirneics and extrinssic pathway converger
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factor x
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actions of thrombin
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fibrinogen to fibrin
activates factors v and 8 activates platelst |
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Tx of HIT
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stop heparin argatroban hirudin ancord
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which anticogulation do you use in pregrant pt
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heparin does not cross placental barrier
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homocysteinemia tx
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folic acid and b 12
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what two cell types are in the antrum
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g and d
gastrin adn somatostain |
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contact activating factors
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prekallikrein hmw kiniogen factor 11
factor 12 |
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where does melanona orginate
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nerual crest cells basla layer epidermis
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what are the functions of BRCA
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regulate transcription
recombination of dna repair |
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ferrous and ferric
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2+ 3+
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txa2
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potent vasocstricon and platel aggreation effects
exposed gpiib/iiia receptor activates pip system to further increase calcium |
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what must be done for malingnat hyperthermia
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muscle biopsy
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how does plavix work
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irreversibley inhibiting the ADP receptor on platelest
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most sensstive phases of raditation
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g2 and m
g1 and s phase are less sevsitive |
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where is glucagonoma released from
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islet alpha cell
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what is the skin lesion of glucagonama
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necrolytic migratine erthema
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levels of glucagon is in glucagonoma
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200-2000
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what do ECL cells produce
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histamine
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where do the superior parathyroids aris
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4th branchial pouch
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greatest sensivity of pheo
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24 hour VMA
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what is more common in extra adreanl pheos
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norepinephrine
epinephrine more common with adreanl tumors |
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why does 1 parathyroidism have metabolic acidosis
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Pth has increase bicarbonate excretion in the kidnye
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what is cushing reflex
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bradycardia widening of pulse pressure increase systolic blood pressure
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what is the ratio of calcium to phospahte in primary hyperparathyrodiism
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33:1
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where does the recurrent inferior thryroid artyer go into teh glad
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1/3 lower pole location of recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior parthyroid gladns
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PTH what end has activity of
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amino termianl end
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which coloci polyp sydroms produce
cancer of female gentital tract breast pancrease |
Lynch II syndrome
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absorption of vitamin D active for passive
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simple passive diffusion absorbed in teh terminal ileum
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how is Vitmain K absorbed
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carrier mediate mechanism ADE absorbed in the passive diffusion
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what are endopeptidases
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tyrpsin elastase chymotrypisn
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what is the exopeptidase
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carboxypeptidase which haszinco ion assist in hydolysis reaction
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Batson venous plexus
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responsible for metstatic breast carcionma to vertebrea
invest teh vertbreae and extends th |
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what cuases breast metatsis to lung
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interconsta veiwns empty inot the vert ral veins and azygous vein inot the sVC
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MCC constituent of plumoary surfancta
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Phosphatidylchoine
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what does lithium do to thyroid hromne
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blocks the release of thyroidn hromone
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what blocks teh convesrsion of throxine to t3
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Propthiouracil glucocortiocois porprandolo and ipodate
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what are the main organisms from blood cultures with acute cholangits
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ecoli and k pneumonia
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how to keep the PDA open and closed
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Close intravenous indomethacin
with coarctation pt used PGE1 to maintain patency of the ducturs |
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Peutz jeghers
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have hamartoumatous polyps in samml intestin colon adn stomach intussesceptina and bleeding premalignagt and all polyps larger than 1 cm
autosomal dominat |
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juvenile polyps
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bening hamratoma with rectal bleeding propensity to auto ampuatate
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FAP
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autosomal dominat disorder deletion of q 21-22 chromosme 5 more than 100 polyups in the colon
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Peutz jeghers
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have hamartoumatous polyps in samml intestin colon adn stomach intussesceptina and bleeding premalignagt and all polyps larger than 1 cm
autosomal dominat |
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juvenile polyps
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bening hamratoma with rectal bleeding propensity to auto ampuatate
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FAP
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autosomal dominat disorder deletion of q 21-22 chromosme 5 more than 100 polyups in the colon
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strength layer of bowel
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submocosa
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type 2 collagen
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CArtilage
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stages of wound healing
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inflammation proliferation remodeling
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initail vascular response to wound
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vasoconstrion then vasodilition
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myofibroblast
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wound contraction and healing by secondary intention
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what is serotonin produced by in carcinoid cells
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kulchitshy cells
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what is the precuroro of serotonin
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tryptophan
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increesae use of tryptophna can lead to
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niacin deficiency and pellagra
diarrhea dermatitis dementia |
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2nd and 3rd most common site for carcinoid
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ileum and rectum
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how to recongizine carcinoid
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octrotide
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jejunal and ieal hamartomas
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jejunal and ileal hamartomas
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what is the potenai malingancy with peut jeghers syndrom
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adenocaricoma
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3rd most common site for carcinoid
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rectum
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site where carcinoids have metasizise
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ileum
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what recation can carcinoid cuase
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desmoplastic reaction
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what is the desmoplastic reaction
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extrinsic meachincial kinking of the intestinal loops by carcinoid cuases vasoconstricion and fibrosis
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what can a deficiency in selenium cuase
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cardiomyopathy
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defiecieny in zinc cuase
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alopecia and dermatiits
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where does zenkers divertifculy occur
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between inferior constrictor muscle and strong circopharyngeus muscel
posterior |
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dx and tx of zenkers
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barium swallos studiens
cicopharygeal myotomy |
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what kind of necrosis does acid injury cuase
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coagulation necroisis
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what kind of injury is alkali
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liquefaction necrosis more likely to cuase cancer
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1st tx for esophagle injury
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no ng tube, do not induce vomiting,
nothing to drink |
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2nd dx abd and injury for cuastic injury
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cxr for free air
endoscopy do not use with suspecte perforation and donot go past site of injury |
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abdominal esophagus arterial supply
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left gastirc artery and inferior phrenic arteries
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histologic type of esophagus
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squamos the whole way throught
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What are the layers of esophagus
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cicruclar inner muscle layre and outer longitudinal layer
no serosa |
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how far down is the lES from teeth
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40 cm from incisors
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Things that activate partieal cells things that inhibit it
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activate histamine gastrin and acetylcholine
inhibit prostaglandin and somatostatin |
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functions of prostagladin
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increase mucus prodction bicarbote and blood flow
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what is the mechanism that histamine acts on partieal cell
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adenylate cyclase
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crazy things that cuase increase in gastric cancers
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type A blood pernicious anemia atrophic gastrtisi tobacco previouse gastric operations
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what does teh gastroduodental artyer divide into
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Right gastroepiploic artery
superiour pancreaticdudodent arteries |
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where are peyer patches found
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in lamina propria in distal ileum
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what kind of cells are in peyer pathc
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M cells transfer microbes to the underlyign APC
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what does TNF do
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upregulating MHC class 1 expression and workds with Class 2 MCHJ to upgrade interferon gamma
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human bite wounds has what crazy infection
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eikenella corrodens that needs penicillin coverage
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what does steroids do to wound
healing |
inhibits all phases of wound healing impede epithelization contraction and macrophage migration
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how do you reverese steriods affect on wounds
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vitamin A
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what is oxygen essential for in wound healing
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hydroxylation of prlone moleculres in teh sysnthesis of collagen
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Vitamin ADE absorbed how
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passive diffusion
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what is the most apical complex found at cells
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zona occludens
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what do steroids hromones at
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enter teh nucleus of cells and binds to DNA
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what is the unqiue ability of secretin
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to release gastrin from gastroimona
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what duodenta enzyme convert trypsiongoen to trypsin
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enterokinase
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function fo trypsiongen
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hydrolyezes proteins and acts as thrombkinase accleratin coagulation fo blood
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carboxypeptidaeas carries what
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zinc ion in its active site which assits in hydrolysis reaction
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which Gi hormone affects growth hromone
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somatostatin
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HCG is elevated in what tumors
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choriocarcionma mixed germe cell tumors and embryonal carcinoma
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LDH adn HCG are elevated is what
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seminomatous testicualr tumors
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What is the problem of using beta first in pheo
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general vasconstriciont with poetntially fatal cardiac failure
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