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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Continuum between Normal/Abnormal
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Where is the defining line?
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reliability
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consistency of diagnoses from different psychologists
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accuracy
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accuracy of diagnostic catalog
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HIDES
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help seeking, irrationality/dangerous, deviance (statistically different behavior), emotional distress, significant impairment
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cultural relativism
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difference among different cultures/culture-bound systems
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diathesis-stress model
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predisposing + precipitating = disorder
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central nervous system
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brain/spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
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bones, muscles, skin, etc
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autonomic
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systems that function without control (i.e. organs, etc)
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somatic
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sensory systems
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parasympathetic
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organs, bowels, etc
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sympathetic
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emergency, fight-or-flight
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agonists
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meds that increase neurotransmission
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antagonists
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meds that decrease neurotransmission in brain
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Topographic model
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id, superego, ego
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id
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desires (sometimes sexual)
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superego
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moral judgement
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ego
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tries to mediate/reconcile demands of both id/superego. in constant conflict.
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free association
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patients speaking freely to counselor about thoughts/problems
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Humanistic/Existential psychology
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-self actualization
-unconditional positive regard -active listening -empathy -client-centered therapy |
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Behavioral Psychology
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-classical conditioning
-operant conditioning -cognitive treatment |
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Classical Conditioning
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-unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, conditioned response
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Operant Conditioning
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-punishment/reinforcement
law of effect: go towards rewards |
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Behavioral Treatment
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-exposure/systematic densensitization/aversion therapy
-operant conditioning (token economies) |
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Cognitive Perspectives (treatment)
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cognitive restructuring: changing irrational/problematic beliefs into rational attitudes
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mental health parity
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equality in mental health insurance
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enmeshed
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families that have few boundaries
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disengaged
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families that are distant
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double-bind communication
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family problems where their communication has problems that are mutually exclusive
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identified patient
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someone that is singled out in therapy
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paradoxical intervention
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when the therapist lets problems persist in hope that they will encourage change
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DSM
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Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (help with reliability and accuracy)
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1980
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DSM underwent revolution with introduction of DSM-III
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development of brain without attachment
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-left hemisphere: underactivated
-right hemisphere: overactivated -increased cortisol |
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Bowlby
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-wrote "Attachment"
-biologically we are organized to become attached to someone who will take care of us. -"Internal Working Model." |
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Bowlby 3 postulates
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-if child is confident that the attachment person will be available, then less fear
-confidence builds over the years then persists -expectations of availability reflect actual experiences |
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Representational Models
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-organizes information
*self *attachment figure *affected created in relationship |
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Ainsworth
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-"The Strange Situation"
-wrote about adding a stranger to a setting, mom leaves (can see if child is securely attached) |
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Ainsworth "secure base theory"
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attachment figure = secure base for attachment
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"push-pull" communication
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miscommunication/disconnect between mother and child
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securely attached children...
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-play more
-touch their nose in front of mirror -can elicit + responses from people -by age 6, have more friends |
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Insecurely Attached
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-angry at mother
-Internal Working Model: turn away from people -Mother's claim that they have good interaction with own parents, but don't have exact memories -value INDEPENDENCE, but in reality children are unattached |
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"Push-Pull systematic relationship"
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-inconsistent
-by age 3, more combative -psychosomatic complaints: getting attention -mothers: "I don't know what my child wants." |
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Disorganized Insecurely Attached
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-clearly neglected, sexually abused, etc.
-avoid society -preschool level: clearly withdrawn |
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Hess and Main '02
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-looking at kids coming from trauma (disorganized ins. attach)
-actually frightened of parents/vice versa |
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Fraley
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best predictor: "I have a really good relationship with my parents" means attached.
ambivalent: mother cold/father unfair |
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Bartholomes
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What if someone avoids people but isn't necessarily unattached to parents? they are avoiding intimacy.
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Someone who is quick to notice change...
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someone who is insecurely attached.
-working model: looking for negativity |
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Millon ‘03
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• In 2003, wrote a book on Personality Disorders
• People who have disturbances don’t take responsibility for (that they don’t realize that they have) • We do not consider them ‘diseased,’ their illness is a functional integrated dynamic social system. |
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Personality Disorders
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-inflexible
-rigid in their ways -self-defeating pattern |
