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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Process of Neurotransmission
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Signal received from other neurons to dendrites then goes along axon. Release of neurotransmitters across gap from presynaptic neuron to postsynaptic neuron.
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Reuptake
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Recycling neurotransmitters to remove from synapse.
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Too much Neurotransmitters
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Too much activity in area of brain. Mania
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Not enough Neurotransmitters
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In anxiety, not enough GABA
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Too few/too many receptors
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Not enough neuron activity or too much. Schizophrenia (dompanenergic system, too many receptors, too much dopamine activity).
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Dopamine
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Controls movement, attention, pleasure. Too much in schizophrenia, too little in depression and Parkinson's (not mental disorder).
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Norepinehrine
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Alertness, energy, appetite. Too little in depression, too much in mania.
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Serotonin
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Mood, sleep, aggression. Too little in depression and OCD
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GABA
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Inhibits excitation. Too little in Anxiety.
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Inhibit Reuptake
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Anti depressants (SSRI's)
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Block Receptors
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Anti psychotics. Too much neurotransmitter activity
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Increase Receptor Sensitivity
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Anti anxiety. Sensitivity meaning how well they respond to neurotransmitters.
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Family Studies
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If it runs in families, may be environmental but if a family has more cases of disorder than general population, may be genetic.
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Twin Studies
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Separating effects of genes from effects of environment. Concordance rates (what is the probability if one twin has the disorder that the other one will have it).
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MZ>DZ twins
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MZ= monozygotic, identical twins
DZ= dizygotic, fraternal twins If MZ>DZ= genetic component to disorder |
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MZ=DZ
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No genetic component
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MZ+DZ= high
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Shared environmental factor
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MZ+DZ= low
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Non shared environmental factor
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Adoption Studies
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Identical twins, it possible, from different families, no environmental components.
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Genetic Linkage Studies
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Identify the genes involved in disorders. Still a lot unknown.
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Molecular Biology
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Once genes are identified, find out what gene does. Should be genetic mutation, mutation causes abnormal development in brain.
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Mendelian Inheritance
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One gene involved, one abnormal version on particular chromosome. All or nothing.
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Polygenic
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Not all or nothing, many genes involved. All contribute to particular characteristic. Normal distribution.
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Diathesis
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Genetic Vulnerability. Low= resiliant
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Diathesis-Stress Model
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Explains behaviour as predispositional vulnerability along with stress from life experiences.
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Epigenetics
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Environmental factors determine whether genes are expressed.
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