Abnormal Psyc- Chapter 10

Front 1

Anorexia Nervosa

Back 1

Fear of fatness, distorted body images, reduce food intake. Ritualistic eating behaviours.
- Excessive exercise, restlessness
- Social withdrawal, irritable, depression. Symptoms of disorder or starvation?

Front 2

Bulimia Nervosa

Back 2

Periods of food restriction alternate with periods of binge eating resulting in inappropriate compensatory behaviours.
- Within normal weight range, objective binge eating. Impairs renal functioning and cardio problems.

Front 3

Purging

Back 3

Behaviours to achieve or maintain weight loss. Self induced vomiting, laxatives, enemas or diuretics. Weight loss due to dehydration.

Front 4

Objective Binge

Back 4

Eat large amount of food in specific time period.

Front 5

Subjective Binge

Back 5

Eat small amounts or normal amounts of food during these episodes.

Front 6

Escape from Self Awareness Model

Back 6

Heatherton and Baumeister
- Episodes of binge eating occur to escape high levels of self-awareness. Brine eating as a shift in attention (attention narrowed to good feelings food brings and away from bas feelings of failure.

Front 7

Anorexia vs. Bulimia (Similarities and Differences)

Back 7

Similarities: Weight and shape important, low self esteem, both may binge/purge
Differences: All bulimia binge eat and purge, not all anorexia binge and purge. Bulimia is normal weight, anorexia is underweight.

Front 8

Anorexia vs. Bulimia

Back 8

Anorexia: deny family problems, emotionally over-controlled, less sex experience, less prone to obesity, introverted,mistrust, OCPD
Bulimic: Exaggerate family problems, emotionally impulsive, more ex experience, more prone to obesity, extraverted, too trusting, BPD and histrionic.

Front 9

Prevalence of Anorexia

Back 9

>90% females, 0.5-1% young females.
- 10x as common in females

Front 10

Mortality Rate

Back 10

Highest of all psychological disorders: 5-8%
- Mostly because of starvation and nutritional complications

Front 11

Body Mass Index

Back 11

Weight in kg divided by heigh in metres squared.
- If 17.5 or less
- or if 85% of expected weight
- Don't use to diagnose anymore

Front 12

Shape and Weight Based Self-Esteem Inventory (SAWBS)

Back 12

Measures importance of weight and shape to self-esteem.

Front 13

Weight-Influenced Self-Esteem Questionnaire

Back 13

Influence of weight on how individuals with eating disorders feel about themselves.

Front 14

Amenorrhea

Back 14

Absence of 3 consecutive menstrual cycles. Also if periods only occur when she take bc pill.
- Don't use to diagnose anymore

Front 15

Restricting Type

Back 15

Attain low weight through strict dieting and sometimes excessive exercise.

Front 16

Binge Eating/Purging Type

Back 16

Strict dieting, possibly excessive exercise and also engage in binge eating and/or purging

Front 17

Compensatory Behaviours in Bulimia

Back 17

Must occur at least twice a week for three months.

Front 18

Purging Type

Back 18

Self induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas or other medications.

Front 19

Non-Purging Type

Back 19

Other compensatory behaviours such as fasting or excessive exercise.

Front 20

Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

Back 20

More common than anorexia and bulimia

Front 21

Binge Eating Disorder

Back 21

Recurrent episodes of binge eating but not inappropriate compensatory behaviours.
- Distinct eating disorder in DSM-5

Front 22

Pica

Back 22

Eating non-food

Front 23

Rumination

Back 23

Repeated regurgitation

Front 24

Avoidant/Restrictive

Back 24

Not anorexia because no disturbance in body image.
- "Picky Eater"

Front 25

Atypical Anorexia

Back 25

All criteria for anorexia except weight may be at or above normal range.

Front 26

Subthreshold Bulimia

Back 26

Binge eating for limited duration

Front 27

Night Eating Syndrome

Back 27

Repeated nocturnal eating

Front 28

Is it possible to have more than one eating disorder?

Back 28

No

Front 29

Progression of Eating Disorders

Back 29

Tend to change in systematic way over the lifespan
- Mid teens looks like anorexia
- Late teens looks like bulimia
- Restricting type a "phase"

Front 30

Lower BMI and waist/hip ratio

Back 30

If bulimic with history of anorexia.

Front 31

Eating Disorder Examination

Back 31

Structured clinical interview, high reliability and validity. Numerical ratings, frequency and degree of symptoms and normative data.
- Explores interpersonal function and potential history of traumatic events.

Front 32

Eating Disorders Inventory

Back 32

Assess eating disorder attitudes and behaviours.

Front 33

Physical Complications of Anorexia

Back 33

Osteoporosis, cardio problems, low fertility, lethargy, dry skin and hair, hair loss, high sensitivity to cold and lanugo.

Front 34

Lanugo

Back 34

Downy hair on body to maintain body warmth.

Front 35

Physical Complications of Bulimia & Binge/Purge Type

Back 35

Dental problems, russell's sign, electrolyte imbalance, cardio and renal function.

Front 36

Russell's Sign

Back 36

Scrapes/calluses on backs of hands/knuckles.

Front 37

Most likely Commorbid of Eating Disorders

Back 37

Substance Abuse

Front 38

Neurotransmitters in Anorexia

Back 38

High serotonin activity
- Reduced density of serotonin transporters

Front 39

Socio-Cultural

Back 39

Pressure from media

Front 40

Family Factors

Back 40

Cultural transmission of pathological values, critical family.
- Anorexia: mothers don't care about them

Front 41

Personality

Back 41

Traits that seem to characterize people with eating disorders.
- Perfectionism and obsessiveness (anorexia)
- Impulsive (bulimia)

Front 42

Maturational

Back 42

High sex differences, eating disorders most often appear at puberty.

Front 43

Adverse Events

Back 43

Childhood abuse, also adult abuse. Trauma history more frequently in bulimic patients.

Front 44

Precipitating Factors

Back 44

Events that trigger eating disorder

Front 45

Perpetuating Facotrs

Back 45

Physical and psychological symptoms that maintain the disorder.

Front 46

Medical Treatment for Bulimia

Back 46

Tricyclic antidepressants and SSRI's

Front 47

CBT vs. Meds and CBT

Back 47

CBT better than meds + CBT

Front 48

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

Back 48

1. Control over eating, psycho-education, teach to use behavioural strategies. Self monitoring.
2. Focus on normalized eating, eliminate dieting, problem-solving skills, id and modify dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs.
3. Maintain Change and prevent relapse.
* Not as effective for anorexia as bulimia

Front 49

Transdiagnostic Theory

Back 49

Similar CBT interventions, acknowledge underlying issues. Perfectionism, low self esteem, mood intolerance and interpersonal difficulties interact with core mechanisms.

Front 50

Interpersonal Therapy

Back 50

Focus on maladaptive personal relationships
- Equivalent effects to CBT but CBT decreases symptoms relatively quickly.

Front 51

Meal Support

Back 51

During or after meals, normalize eating behaviour.

Front 52

Family Therapy

Back 52

Family engage in managing weight gain and eating. Then return control of eating to disordered person.
- Works better in teenage and anorexic

Front 53

Reasons for Self Help

Back 53

1. Provide accessible information to people who might not otherwise get it
2. Conjunction with guidance from non-specialist (family doctor or nurse)
3. As first step in treatment
4. For people on waiting list for intensive treatment
5. Facilitate therapist CBT

Front 54

Lateral Hypothalamus

Back 54

Activation increases eating, destroy and get starvation

Front 55

Anmeshment

Back 55

Family issues, high involvement in each others lives, interdependent, overprotective, avoid conflict, restricted, want control, use food.