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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Paraphilia
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Deviant sexual interests and fantasies focused on things not "norm"
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Dysfunction
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Malfunctioning, something wrong with "plumbing". More motivated to get help to increase success for treatment.
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Dysphoria
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Transgender gender identity opposite of biological sex. Disorder if caused distress interferes with life.
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Ego-Dystonic Homosexuality
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Result of negative attitudes and stigma to homosexuality.
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Fantasies of children but not disturbed by and don't act on...
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Not diagnosable
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Rape/Sexual Assault, mental disorder or crime?
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Crime
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Evolutionary
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Women more selective and males not as much (less investment). Men so unselective, will have sex in many different ways.
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Transvestic
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Aroused with cross dressing (exclusively men). DSM 4 only men, DSM 5 open to both but most likely just men.
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Fetishism
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No victim or non-consenting person.
- Usually report attraction began in childhood. |
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Sadism and Masochism
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Usually together. Ritualized elaborate. BDSM usually don't actually inflict pain. Don't enjoy all pain.
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Voyeurism
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Thrill, risk of being caught.
- Before age 15, most not dangerous but some do commit hands on offences |
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Exhibitionism
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35% of all sexual offences. Highest re-offence.
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Frotteurism
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"Rubbing" in crowd, make seem accidental, brief.
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Pedophilia
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Considered most unacceptable.
- Victim at least 16 years and at least 5 years difference. |
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Child Molester
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Has sexual behaviour with children but don't necessarily prefer children. Pedophiles are child molesters but not vice versa.
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Etiology of Paraphilias
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Conditioning: CS association early in life.
Courtship theory: exhibitionism, evolutionary, involve built in courtship behaviour that became dysregulated. |
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Treatment of Paraphilias
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Medication: Can help to some extent, decrease sex drive. Aversion
CBT: Get all underlying problems, broader issues. Some improvement. |
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Dysfunctions
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Lifelong: never been able to
Acquired: Could function in past Generalized: Can't function no matter where/who Situational: Can't function in one situation |
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Combine Etiology of Dysfunction
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Psych and medical problems cause dysfunction, not disease that causes dysfunction
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Sexual Response Cycle
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Desire phase
Excitement Orgasm |
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Premature Ejaculation
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More common than male orgasmic, can't postpone, minimal sexual stimulation before they want it.
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Male Orgasmic
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Man unable to reach orgasm can have erection. Uncommon.
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Female Orgasmic
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Delay or absence in orgasm after normal sex cycle. May not be enough stimulation.
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Aversion
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Phobia, avoid all genital sexual contact. Panic attack. Treat as phobia (systematic desensitization)
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Hypoactive
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Not much interest in sex, deficient, accompanied by distress. Interpersonal.
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Male Erectile
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Can't get or maintain erection. Used to be "impotence". Most common problem men seek help for.
- Can lead to depression and relationship problems. |
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Female Arousal
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Inability to attain or maintain lubrication of sexual excitement (not lack of pleasure). Physio not responding can lead to:
- Painful sex, avoidance - Relationship problems - Women less likely to seek treatment. |
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Biomedical
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Diseases affect sexual function.
- Injuries, injections, drugs, alcohol. |
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Psychological
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Immediate causes: in sexual situation itself, performance anxiety, more anxious less able to have erection.
Long term causes: learning prior to sex colour attitudes, childhood. |
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Treatment of Dysfunction (Behavioural)
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Treat couple, intensive, learned problems, unlearning problems, teach about sex.
- Sensate Focus: systematic desensitization - Squeeze: for premature ejaculation - Masturbation |
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Treatment of Dysfunction (Individual Psychotherapy)
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If seems like an individual problem.
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Treatment for Dysfunction (Medical)
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Drugs (viagra), enzyme inhibitors, increase blood flow, surgery (implant inflatable device).
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To Diagnose with Dysfunction
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Symptoms need to be present for a minimum of 6 months and be experience in most sexual activity occasions.
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Dysparaneuia
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Genital pain associated with intercourse. Usually associated with infections, inflammation of prostate or physical anomalies.
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Provoked Vestibulodyna
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Sharp and burning pain in entrance of vagina when vaginal penetration is attempted.
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Vaginismus
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Involuntary contraction of pelvic muscles upon attempts at penetration.
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Hyperaesthesia
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Abnormally increased sexual desire.
- Nymphomania (women) - Satyriosis (men) |
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Hypersexual Disorder in DSM 5
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1. Excessive time in sexual fantasies, urges and in planning for and engaging in sexual behaviour
2. Engaging in these behaviours in response to dysphoric mood states. 3. Stressful life events 4. Repeated efforts to control or reduce 5. Disregarding risk for physical and emotional farm to self and others. |
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Female Sexual Dysfunctions due to...
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Psychological functioning.
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Anxiety and Sexual Functioning
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High activity of sympathetic branch (due to anxiety) inhibits parasympathetic branch (sexual arousal).
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Etiology of Erectile Dysfunction
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Hormonal, loss of androgens, testosterone replacement therapy.
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Etiology of Orgasmic Disorders
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Primarily psychological.
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Etiology of Vaginismus/Dysparaneuia
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PSychogenic mechanisms, negative sex attitudes, lack of sex education, traumatic sexual experiences.
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Communication and Exploration
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Extensive assessment of the couple. Explore bodies , masturbation.
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Intracavernous Treatment
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Muscle relaxants into corpus cavernosum facilitate erection.
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Aphrodisiac
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1. Psychophysiological, affect 1/5 senses
2. Internal, certain products have sexually stimulating qualities. |
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Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
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For erectile disorders, restrict breakdown of cyclic guanine monophosphate, increases blood flow and stronger erections.
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Gender Identity
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Sense of self as male or female.
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Gender Role
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Collection of those characteristics that a society defines as masculine or feminine.
- Change over time and from culture to culture. |
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Hermaphroditism
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Reproduce structures partly female and partly male
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Gender Identity Disorder
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Biological variables are consistent but discordant with person's sense of self.
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Gender Dysphoria
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Persistent discomfort with their sex or sense of inappropriateness in gender role of that sex.
- Distress/impairment in social, job, or other function |
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GID more common in...
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Children
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Gender Identity minimally influence by environmental experiences...
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- May be genetically influenced hormonal disturbances
- Exposure during fetal development to inappropriate hormones. |
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Eligibility for Sex Reassignment
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1. 12 months real life experience
2. 12 months hormonal therapy 3. Psychotherapy if required by mental health professional |
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Hormonal Therapy
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Helps with development of secondary sex characteristics.
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Sexual Sadism
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Preference toward inflicting pain or humiliation
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Sexual Masochism
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Enjoy experiencing pain or humiliation form another individual
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Hyposyphilia
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Autoerotic asphyxia, asphyxiophilia.
- Deliberate induction of unconsciousness by oxygen deprivation, chest compression, strangulation etc. - Usually self induced. |
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Biastophilia
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Preference toward non-consenting and resisting not necessarily physically suffering victims.
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Etiology of Sexual Offending
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Misdirection of sexual desires
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Conditioning Theories of Sexual Offending
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Conditioning basis of acquired preferences.
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Courtship Disorder Theory of Offending
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Four phases in human sexual interactions.
1. Looking for and appraising potential partner 2. Posturing and displaying oneself to partner 3. Tactile interaction 4. Sexual intercourse - Fixation at one of these stages produced offending |
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Comprehensive Theories of Offending
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Childhoods create a predisposition for aggression and social inadequacy
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Feminist Theory of Offending
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Patriarchal society.
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Medical Interventions for Sexual Offenders
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Early medical treatment of offenders was castration
- SSRI's decrease sex drive - Remove testicles, eliminates body's testosterone - Chemical castration (decrease testosterone from pharmacological treatment. - Lutenizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Agonists |
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Negative effects of chemical castration
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diabetes, dyskinetic and feminization and high bp.
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Behaviour Therapy for Offenders
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Behaviours driven by deviant sexual preferences. Eliminate these deviant preferences.
- Associate deviant thought with strongly aversive event - Ineffective. |
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Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Offenders
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Improve self esteem, social and relationship skills. Enhance empathy and alter offence supportive attitudes and deviant sexual preferences.
- ID factors that might increase reoffending |
