Abnormal Psyc- Chapter 12

Front 1

Traits

Back 1

Combination describes personality cross situationally consistent persistent features.

Front 2

Personality Disorder

Back 2

Patterns of highly maladaptive personality traits. Personality is more rigid and inflexible and displayed independently of context.
- Characterize by single dominant dysfunctional trait
- Mostly a distress to others

Front 3

5 Criteria Defining Personality Disorders in DSM-IV-TR

Back 3

A: In at least 2 of these areas; cog, emo, interpersonal, impulse control
B: Rigid and consistent across broad situations
C: Lead to distress
D: Stability and long duration, onset in teens or earlier.
E: Behaviour can't be explained by other disorder

Front 4

Revised 5 Criteria

Back 4

A: Impairments in self id, direction and interpersonal
B: 1 or more pathological personality trait domains
C: Relatively stable across time and situations
D: Not to be better understood as normative for developmental stage or socio-cultural enviro
E: Not solely due to direct physio effect of substance or medical condition.

Front 5

3 DSM-IV-TR Clusters

Back 5

A: Odd, eccentric WEIRD
B: Dramatic, emotional WILD
C: Anxious, fearful WITHDRAWN

Front 6

WEIRD (Cluster A)

Back 6

Paranoid: distrust, suspicious
Schizoid: detached from social relationships
Schizotypical: acute discomfort in close relationships, distortions and eccentricities. Meds help

Front 7

WILD (Cluster B)

Back 7

Antisocial: disregard and violation of rights of others
Borderline: Unstable in interpersonal relationships, self image, affects. Impulsive.
Histrionic: Excessive emotionality, attention seeking
Narcissistic: Grandiosity, admiration and lack of emp

Front 8

WITHDRAWN (Cluster C)

Back 8

Avoidant: Social inhibition, inadequate feelings, hypersensitive to ned evaluations.
Dependent: Submissive, clinging, need to be taken care of
OCPD: Orderliness, perfectionism, control.

Front 9

Personality Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

Back 9

1. General criteria for PD and several diff PD traits present but no criteria for specific disorder.
2. Personality patterns meet general PD criteria but considered to have PD not included in classification
ex: passive aggressive.

Front 10

Prevalence of Each Cluster

Back 10

A: Most in men never married
B: Poorly educated men
C: Graduated from high school but never married

Front 11

Which PD's more in women

Back 11

Avoidant, dependent and paranoid.

Front 12

% of people with PD that don't seek treatment

Back 12

80%

Front 13

Which Clusters tend to seek treatment the most? the least?

Back 13

Cluster B the most, Cluster A the least.

Front 14

Egosyntonic

Back 14

Not disturbed by

Front 15

Must take into consideration...

Back 15

If personality traits are adaptive given cultural context.

Front 16

How do you diagnose? Reliability?

Back 16

Through structured interview, poor reliability.

Front 17

Dark Triad

Back 17

Machiavellianism (callous, manipulative and deceptive), subclinical narcissism and subclinical psychopathy.

Front 18

Overlap

Back 18

Similarity of symptoms in 2 or more different disorders.
- For PD, diagnostic criteria is vague and requires inference and overlap is likely

Front 19

Pinel

Back 19

Amorality rather than psychosis. Madness without delirium.

Front 20

Pritchard

Back 20

Moral insanity, absence of morality. Cognitive abilities intact but clear emotional dysfunction.

Front 21

Koch

Back 21

Psychopathic inferiority. Bio abnormality that resulted in personality abnormalities.

Front 22

Sociopath

Back 22

Social Disorder, anti society view on life.

Front 23

Psychodynamic Views

Back 23

Disturbances in parent-child relationship, sense themselves as independent from parent and inadequate sense of self.

Front 24

Attachment Theory

Back 24

Children learn how to relate to other.
- Poor bond: lack of confidence in relations with others.
- Ambivalence: fear, avoidance.
- Deficits in intimacy.
- Demands for social interaction.

Front 25

Cognitive Behavioural

Back 25

Cognitive strategies/schemas, rigid and inflexible schemas. Early in life as result of damaging experiences, new events distorted.

Front 26

Family Influence

Back 26

Invalidate emotional experiences and oversimplify ease which problems can be solved.
- To get attention must display emotional outburst.
- Modelling
- Reward-punish
- Non-contingent punish or reward (response not related to behaviour)

Front 27

Biological

Back 27

Cluster A: genetic links
Cluster B: biological and attachment
Cluster C: very limited, despite prevalence

Front 28

Biology Behind Schizotypical

Back 28

Schizophrenia and STPD occurred exclusively when parents have schizophrenia.
- Familial vulnerability to schizophrenia spectrum
- Less prefrontal volume and poorer frontal function

Front 29

Cluster B Disorders

Back 29

Not as similar as their category suggests.

Front 30

Pychopathy

Back 30

Richer sense of emotional, interpersonal and behavioural features.
- ADP focuses on observable behaviour
- Small proportion with ADP are psychopathic
- Most psychopaths have ADP
- More severe than ADP
- Little disitnction in legal system

Front 31

Psychopathy Checklist

Back 31

Specifies behaviour and personality. Personality traits and lifestyle instability necessary and sufficient for diagnosis.

Front 32

Fearlessness Hypothesis

Back 32

Higher threshold for feeling fear than others.

Front 33

Oppositional Behaviour

Back 33

Do opposite of what being asked of a person.

Front 34

Burnout Factor

Back 34

Symptoms will disappear by 4th decade of life.

Front 35

Responsivity Factor

Back 35

Treatment must be responsive (or matched) to a patient's needs and interpersonal style.

Front 36

Psychopaths Emotions

Back 36

Non-psychopaths show high emotion in their offences, psychopaths are insensitive to emotional content of information.

Front 37

Psychopath Biology

Back 37

Lower 5-HIAA (metabolite of 5-HT) and high DA

Front 38

Fundamental Psychopathy

Back 38

Result of biological predisposition that hinders development of affective bonds.

Front 39

Secondary Psychopathy

Back 39

Negative environmental experiences during normative years of childhood.

Front 40

Borderline Personality Disorder (early experience)

Back 40

Neglect or abuse in childhood, anxious ambivalent.

Front 41

Internet Use and Narcissism

Back 41

High internet use if narcissistic.

Front 42

Obsessive Compulsive PD vs. OCD

Back 42

Absence of obsessional thoughts and compulsive behaviours.

Front 43

Treatment (5 premises)

Back 43

High dropout rates
1. Consider bio and psych factors
2. Assess amenability to treatment
3. Flexible and tailored to person
4. Lower treatability, more therapist must combine multiple treatments.
5. Help client move personality disordered to personality style.

Front 44

3 Main Approaches to Treatment

Back 44

1. Object-relations
2. Cognitive Behavioural
3. Medication

Front 45

Object Relations

Back 45

Correct flaws of self resulted from unfortunate formative experiences. Slow process, produces gradual changes.

Front 46

Cognitive Behavioural

Back 46

Correct cognitive distortions, cognitive restructuring.
- Longer in PD than other disorders

Front 47

Schema Therapy

Back 47

Gestalt, object relations and psychodynamic. Emphasize early damaging life experiences.

Front 48

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy

Back 48

Good for BPD, parasuicidal women. Therapist accepts patient demanding and manipulative behaviours.

Front 49

Medication

Back 49

BPD (antidepressants, mood stabilizers, anxiolytics, opiate antagonists and neuroleptics).
Schizotypical (antidepressants).

Front 50

Continuum of Personality Traits (ex: Perfectionism)

Back 50

1. Adaptive "I take pride in what I do"
2. Subclinical "Do until right"
3. Problematic "Can't stop until perfect"
4. Dysfunctional "Can't finish anything, nothing ever good enough"

Front 51

Paranoid Cognitions

Back 51

"Never Trust Others"

Front 52

Schizoid Cognitions

Back 52

"Don't need others"

Front 53

Histrionic Cognitions

Back 53

"Need to impress others"

Front 54

Narcissistic Cognitions

Back 54

"I'm special, unique, not like others"

Front 55

BPD Cognitions

Back 55

"If someone doesn't care for me I am nothing"

Front 56

APD Cognitions

Back 56

"People are there to be used"

Front 57

Avoidant Cognitions

Back 57

"Be careful not to be hurt by others"

Front 58

Dependent Cognitions

Back 58

"I am helpless, need someone to take care of me"

Front 59

OCPD Cognitions

Back 59

"I must not make a mistake"

Front 60

Avoidant vs. Schizoid

Back 60

Avoidant would like to have relationships

Front 61

Avoidant vs. Paranoid

Back 61

Paranoid thinks other want to hurt them

Front 62

Avoidant vs. Social Phobia

Back 62

Avoidant is generalized anxiety about all social situations (worse social skills)